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Assessing the Therapeutic Effects of Novel Antibacterial Eggshell-Iron Nanoparticle-Derived Bone Grafts and Allografts in Implanted Sockets: A Preliminary Prospective Clinical Study

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Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Bone grafting is a widely used technique for repairing and regenerating defective bones. However, the use of bone graft substitutes is limited due to various constraints, including contamination and cost. To address these limitations, innovative antimicrobial bone replacement biomaterials have been developed.

Materials and Methods

In this study, a novel bone graft combination was prepared using eggshell (ES), chitosan (Ch), and iron nanoparticles (FeNp). The in vitro properties of the graft were evaluated for cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and antibacterial properties. Acridine orange staining and von Kossa staining were used to quantify cell proliferation and mineralization. A clinically randomized design was employed, with participants allocated to the test group receiving the eggshell-derived FeNp bone graft and the control group receiving a commercially available bone graft. The study included 10 patients undergoing third molar tooth extraction, and bone repair post-grafting at the site was assessed at various time points (start, 30, 60, and 90 days). Clinical examinations measured wound probing and healing depth. Radiographs were used to assess changes in bone density, development characteristics, and height. Results: The results demonstrated that the test group, compared to the control group, exhibited antibacterial properties and higher proliferation rates (p < 0.05). The clinical trial revealed increased mean radiographic vertical bone level and bone density from baseline to 90 days, with statistically significant differences observed between the eggshell-derived bone graft and commercially available bone grafts (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the eggshell-derived FeNp bone graft substitute demonstrated improved socket healing compared to commercially available bone grafts. Due to its origin from eggshell and negligible risk of disease transmission, the eggshell-derived bone graft provides a safe alternative to allografts. Moreover, the eggshell-FeNp graft substitute offers advantages such as low cost and high quality. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these grafts in larger patient populations.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Shivalingappa B Javali, MSc, Phd, Associate Professor in Statistics, Department of Community Medicine, USM-KLE International Medical program, Belagavi, Shivalingappa.javali@gmail.com. The authors would like to acknowledge all staff of Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, for their assistance and cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Science, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgavi, 590010, Karnataka, India

    Santosh Nelogi & Richa Roy

  2. Department of Pedodontics, MMDC, Bauxite road, Belgavi, 590010, Karnataka, India

    Maheshwari Ambi

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  1. Santosh Nelogi
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Correspondence to Santosh Nelogi.

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Nelogi, S., Roy, R. & Ambi, M. Assessing the Therapeutic Effects of Novel Antibacterial Eggshell-Iron Nanoparticle-Derived Bone Grafts and Allografts in Implanted Sockets: A Preliminary Prospective Clinical Study. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02183-8

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