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Evaluation of larvicidal potential of Eritrean medicinal plants against Aedes aegypti

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Abstract

Larvicidal activity of three Eritrean medicinal plants was evaluated against Aedes aegypti by conducting the bioassay using WHO methods. Efficacy of the plant extracts of O. hadiense, R. officinalis and C. spinarum was evaluated against 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae and mortality was recorded. LC50 and LC90 of the various plant extracts were also calculated using probit analysis. The morphological analysis of treated larvae was also performed. Extracts of O. hadiense, C. spinarium and R. officinalis were prepared using different solvents viz chloroform, 70% ethanol and water. Of the screened extracts, the chloroform extracts of O. hadiense exhibited the highest larvicidal activities and has the minimum LC50 and LC90 (24 mg/ml and 198.411 mg/ml respectively). Chloroform extract of C. spinarium exhibited the least larvicidal activity with maximum LC50 and LC90 (736.883 mg/ml and 1188.699 mg/ml respectively). Microscopic analysis confirmed the changes in the Aedes aegypti larvae caused by various plants extracts. An accumulation of dark pigmentation was observed in abdominal region and in the anal papillae after contact and also showed major structural damage such as destruction of the gut.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Jeevan Jyoti Kaushik

  2. Unit of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Sciences, Orotta College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea

    Atul Kaushik

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea

    Dawit Mebrahtu, Efrem Bereket, Elen Eyob, Hana Kelifa, Kokob Weldemichael & Rahwa Andebrhan

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  1. Jeevan Jyoti Kaushik
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Work supervision, Material preparation, results analysis was performed by JJK, AK and DM. The laboratory work was done by RA, HK, KW, EB, EE. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jeevan Jyoti Kaushik.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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This is an in vitro biological screening. The college Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

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Kaushik, J.J., Kaushik, A., Mebrahtu, D. et al. Evaluation of larvicidal potential of Eritrean medicinal plants against Aedes aegypti. J Parasit Dis 48, 150–156 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01653-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01653-7

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