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To the Editor,
We thank Dr. Chung et al. 1 for their interest in our recent letter in which we had highlighted than only a small number of patients exhibit the combination of both nocturnal hypoxemia and severe obstructive sleep apnea (i.e., apnea hypopnea index > 30 events per hour).2 We had suggested that these patients could be at higher risk of postoperative complications. To date, no large database has explored specifically the effect of this combination on outcomes, although Mutter et al. had studied the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on outcomes,3 and Chung et al. had examined the influence of hypoxemia on outcomes.4
In our letter,2 we clearly indicated the hypothesis generating nature of our work and noted that it must be confirmed in future studies. Indeed, there are some data indicating that this OSA/nocturnal hypoxemia combination could be deleterious for the patient. For example, Marrone et al. demonstrated in a cohort of patients (from the European Sleep Apnea Database) that the combination of severe OSA and nocturnal hypoxemia might be an important risk factor for kidney dysfunction.5
We have read with great interest the letter of Chung et al. 6 wherein they highlighted the deleterious influence of nocturnal hypoxemia on the postoperative complication rate. Their letter confirmed to us that future studies must be specifically designed to recognize the possible influence of the nocturnal hypoxemia/severe OSA combination vs nocturnal hypoxemia alone or severe OSA alone. In future studies, special attention should also be directed to identifying patients with thisnocturnal hypoxemia/severe OSA combination in a surgical population (e.g., using screening tools such as STOP-Bang and DES-OSA).6
References
Chung F, Chan M., Liao P. Perioperative nocturnal hypoxemia matters in surgical patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Can J Anesth 2017; 64: this issue. DOI: 10.1007/s12630-016-0755-2.
Deflandre EP, Bonhomme VL, Brichant JF, Joris JL. What mediates postoperative risk in obstructive sleep apnea: airway obstruction, nocturnal hypoxia, or both? Can J Anesth 2016; 63: 1104-5.
Mutter TC, Chateau D, Moffatt M, Ramsey C, Roos LL, Kryger M. A matched cohort study of postoperative outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea: could preoperative diagnosis and treatment prevent complications? Anesthesiology 2014; 121: 707-18.
Chung F, Zhou L, Liao P. Parameters from preoperative overnight oximetry predict postoperative adverse events. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80: 1084-95.
Marrone O, Battaglia S, Steiropoulos P, et al. Chronic kidney disease in European patients with obstructive sleep apnea: the ESADA cohort study. J Sleep Res 2016. DOI:10.1111/jsr.12426.
Deflandre E, Degey S, Brichant JF, Poirrier R, Bonhomme V. Development and validation of a morphologic obstructive sleep apnea prediction score: the DES-OSA score. Anesth Analg 2016; 122: 363-72.
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This submission was handled by Dr. Hilary P. Grocott, Editor-in-Chief, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia.
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Deflandre, E. In reply: Perioperative nocturnal hypoxemia matters in surgical patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth 64, 111 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-016-0756-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-016-0756-1