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Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718)

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Abstract

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.

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Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge Kalyani Centre for Technology & Innovation (KCTI), Bharat Forge Ltd, Pune, and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), goverment of India for providing financial assistance, library, and laboratory facilities. The authors are gratefulness to Review Committee of Bharat Forge Ltd, Pune to allow for publication. Also, authors are thankful to Vinayak Pawar and Santosh Dhage for their assistance in various aspects of the project. Finally, authors thank K. Chethan for valuable suggestion, guidance, and discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kalyani Centre for Technology and Innovation, Bharat Forge Limited, Pune, 411036, India

    V. T. Gaikwad, M. K. Mishra & R. K. P. Singh

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Defense Institute of Advance Technology, Pune, 411025, India

    V. T. Gaikwad & V. D. Hiwarkar

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  1. V. T. Gaikwad
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  2. M. K. Mishra
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  3. V. D. Hiwarkar
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  4. R. K. P. Singh
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Correspondence to V. T. Gaikwad.

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Gaikwad, V.T., Mishra, M.K., Hiwarkar, V.D. et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718). Int J Miner Metall Mater 28, 111–119 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2008-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2008-1

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