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Cohorte MecoExpo : utilisation du méconium pour estimer l’exposition in utero aux pesticides des nouveau-nés en Picardie

MecoExpo cohort: Using meconium to estimate in utero exposure to pesticides in newborn infants in picardy

  • Article Original / Original Article
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Revue de médecine périnatale

Résumé

Objectif

L’étude MecoExpo menée en Picardie, région agricole utilisatrice de pesticides, visait à mettre en relation l’exposition parentale et l’imprégnation foetale aux pesticides avec les paramètres cliniques du développement fœtal relevés à la naissance.

Matériel et méthode

L’exposition parentale aux pesticides a été évaluée par un questionnaire et l’imprégnation foetale aux pesticides, pour la première fois en France, par un dosage dans le méconium.

Résultats

Neuf cent quatre-vingt-treize couples mère-enfant ont été inclus. Une association entre exposition professionnelle maternelle aux pesticides et augmentation du risque de restriction de croissance fœtale pour le poids de naissance a été observée. Une augmentation du risque de prématurité chez les enfants issus de père travaillant dans un secteur exposé aux pesticides a également été relevée. Quatre-vingt-cinq pour cent des nouveau-nés présentaient au moins un des pesticides recherchés dans leur méconium. Les pesticides observés le plus fréquemment sont les métabolites des organophosphorés et ceux des carbamates, deux grandes familles d’insecticides dispersés sur les grandes cultures.

Conclusion

Des associations entre l’exposition professionnelle maternelle et paternelle et les paramètres cliniques à la naissance ont été observées. La recherche des pesticides a été réalisée pour la première fois en France dans le méconium de nouveau-nés.

Abstract

Background

The MecoExpo study was conducted in Picardy, an agricultural region where pesticides are used. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between parental and fetal exposure to pesticides. Neonatal anthropomorphic parameters were compared to parental pesticide exposure during pregnancy.

Materials and methods

Parental exposure to pesticides was assessed by means of a validated questionnaire. In utero fetal exposure was assessed for the first time in France by means of neonatal meconium assays.

Results

Nine-hundred and ninety-three mother-newborn pairs were included. A significant relationship was observed between maternal occupational exposure to pesticides and low birth weight for gestational age. An association was also observed between preterm birth and paternal exposure to pesticides. At least one pesticide was detected on meconium screening in 85% of newborns. The pesticides most frequently detected were organophosphorus and carbamate metabolites. These pesticides are commonly used for extensive field treatments in Picardy.

Conclusion

A significant relationship was observed between maternal and paternal occupational exposure to pesticides and neonatal anthropomorphic parameters. Positive screening for pesticides in the meconium of newborns was assessed for the first time in France.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. PériTox périnatalité & risques toxiques (EA 4285 — UMI 01 INERIS), UPJV, F-80036, Amiens cedex, France

    P. Tourneux, F. Mayhoub, E. Haraux, C. Deguines, T. Berton, V. Bach & K. Chardon

  2. Médecine néonatale et réanimation pédiatrique, pôle Femme-Couple-Enfant, CHU d’Amiens, Amiens, France

    P. Tourneux

  3. Chirurgie pédiatrique, pôle Femme-Couple-Enfant, CHU d’Amiens, Amiens, France

    E. Haraux

  4. Service de pédiatrie néonatalogie, centre hospitalier de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France

    C. Deguines

  5. Unité Nova (innovation pour la mesure), INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France

    T. Berton & F. Lestremeau

  6. Gynécologie-obstétrique, pôle Femme-Couple-Enfant, CHU d’Amiens, Amiens, France

    J. Gondry

Authors
  1. P. Tourneux
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  2. F. Mayhoub
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  3. E. Haraux
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  4. C. Deguines
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  5. T. Berton
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  6. F. Lestremeau
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  7. J. Gondry
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  8. V. Bach
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  9. K. Chardon
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Tourneux.

Additional information

D’après la communication CO087, lauréate du prix de la Société française de médecine périnatale, congrès 2013 de la SFMP.

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Tourneux, P., Mayhoub, F., Haraux, E. et al. Cohorte MecoExpo : utilisation du méconium pour estimer l’exposition in utero aux pesticides des nouveau-nés en Picardie. Rev. med. perinat. 6, 122–133 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12611-014-0277-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12611-014-0277-5

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