Abstract
A 2D hydrodynamic model is employed to study the characteristics of tidal wave propagation in the Persian Gulf (PG). The study indicates that tidal waves propagate from the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman into the PG through the Strait of Hormuz. The numerical model is first validated using the measured water levels and current speeds around the PG and the principal tidal constituents of Admiralty tide tables. Considering the intermediate width of the PG, in comparison to the Rossby deformation radius, the tidal wave propagates like a Kelvin wave on the boundaries. Whereas the continental shelf oscillation resonance of the basin is close to the period of diurnal constituents, the results show that the tide is mixed mainly semidiurnal. A series of numerical tests is also developed to study the various effects of geometry and bathymetry of the PG, Coriolis force, and bed friction on tidal wave deformation. Numerical tests reveal that the Coriolis force, combined with the geometry of the gulf, results in the generation of different amphidromic systems of diurnal and semidiurnal constituents. The configuration of the bathymetry of the PG, with a shallow zone at the closed end of the basin that extends along its longitudinal axis in the southern half (asymmetrical cross section), results in the deformations of incoming and returning tidal Kelvin waves and consequently the shifts of amphidromic points (APs). The bed friction also results in the movements of the APs from the centerline to the south border of the gulf.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the PMO for providing tide measurements along the north coast of the PG. We are grateful to NCC for hydrography maps. Thanks, are also extended to Dr. Zahra Ranji, from K. N. Toosi University of Technology for her technical support. This study was conducted as the master thesis of S. Mahya Hoseini under the supervision of Prof. Mohsen Soltanpour. S. Mahya Hoseini did the simulations, analysis, visualization and drafted the manuscript. Prof. Mohsen Soltanpour participated in the interpretation of the results and prepared a critical revision of the manuscript. The PMO and NCC provided us with the water level/current speed observational data and hydrography maps, respectively. Both are national data which are not publicly accessible. They can be accessed by direct request from the owner. The PMO website is available through https://www.pmo.ir/en/home and NCC website is available through https://www.ncc.gov.ir/en/. The tidal constituent’s extraction code is available through https://github.com/CADWRDeltaModeling/vtide (Foreman et al. 2009). Two-minute gridded global relief for both ocean and land areas (ETOPO2v2) is available through https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO2/ETOPO2v2-2006/ (NOAA 2006). Admiralty tide table volume 3 is available at https://wiac.info/docview.
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Hoseini, S.M., Soltanpour, M. Numerical Study of Influencing Factors on Tidal Wave Propagation in the Persian Gulf. Ocean Sci. J. 57, 642–671 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-022-00091-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-022-00091-x