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Radiocarbon chronology of Bronze Age mines in the Southern Trans-Urals: first results

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Abstract

An analysis of the first detailed radiocarbon data connected with the beginning of copper mining in the Southern Trans-Urals, as well as the periods of developing Southern Trans-Uralian deposits in the Bronze Age, is presented. A series of 14 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon datings are conducted on the basis of materials obtained from the cultural layers of four ancient mines. The datings cover the period from the end of the 3rd to the beginning of the 1st millennium cal BC. Median values narrow this interval to the twentieth to eleventh centuries cal BC. This prolonged period of mine development included various stages coinciding with the existing archaeological periodization applied in the region: Sintashta-Abashevo, Srubnaya-Alakul, and Final Bronze Age. The evidence obtained suggest the existence of a complete metal-production cycle in the Southern Trans-Urals during the entire Late Bronze Age and the sequential use of a local ore base by the various populations inhabiting this region.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dmitry G. Zdanovich, Tatiana S. Malyutina, Fedor N. Petrov, and Alexey N. Strakhov for their assistance in studying the Vorovskaya Yama materials.

Funding

Field geoarchaeological work was carried out as part of the budget theme of the Institute of Mineralogy of the South Ural Federal Scientific Center for Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 122062100023-5. Analytical studies (Ankusheva P.S., Ankushev M.N., Epimakhov A.V.) and radiocarbon dating were carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 20-18-00402 “The multidisciplinary analysis of group migration and individual mobility in the light of archaeological data (case study of the Bronze Age of the Southern Urals)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Territory of the Ilmensky reserve, Miass, Chelyabinsk region, Russian Federation, 456317

    Polina S. Ankusheva, Anatoly M. Yuminov & Maksim N. Ankushev

  2. South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

    Irina P. Alaeva

  3. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Elya P. Zazovskaya

  4. South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

    Andrey V. Epimakhov

  5. Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Elya P. Zazovskaya

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  1. Polina S. Ankusheva
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Contributions

Archaeological excavations of ancient mines were carried out under the leadership of Polina S. Ankusheva and Irina P. Alaeva. The geological survey of the sites was carried out by Anatoly M. Yuminov and Maxim N. Ankushev. Radiocarbon dating was carried out under the supervision of Elya P. Zazovskaya. Statistical analysis of the obtained radiocarbon dates was performed by Andrey V. Epimakhov. All authors took part in the discussion of the concept and results of the study, the preparation of figures and the review of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Polina S. Ankusheva.

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Ankusheva, P.S., Zazovskaya, E.P., Yuminov, A.M. et al. Radiocarbon chronology of Bronze Age mines in the Southern Trans-Urals: first results. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 14, 218 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-022-01681-5

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