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Serum S100β Levels Are Linked with Cognitive Decline and Peripheral Inflammation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2

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Abstract

Experimental and clinical studies have indicated a potential role of the protein S100β in the pathogenesis and phenotype of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its impact on spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) remains to be elucidated. The objective of the study is to determine the serum levels of S100β in SCA2 and its relationship with molecular, clinical, cognitive, and peripheral inflammatory markers of the disease. Serum concentrations of S100β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 39 SCA2 subjects and 36 age- and gender-matched controls. Clinical scores of ataxia, non-ataxia symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and some blood cell count–derived inflammatory indices were assessed. The SCA2 individuals manifested S100β levels similar to the control group, at low nanomolar concentrations. However, the S100β levels were directly associated with a better performance of cognitive evaluation within the SCA2 cohort. Moreover, the S100β levels were inversely correlated with most peripheral inflammatory indices. Indeed, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly mediated the effect of serum S100β on cognitive performance, even after controlling for the ataxia severity in the causal mediation analysis. Our findings suggested that, within physiologic concentrations, the protein S100β exerts a neuroprotective role against cognitive dysfunction in SCA2, likely via the suppression of pro-inflammatory mechanisms.

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Data Availability

This dataset is not publicly available and can be asked from the Cuban authors directly upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to all SCA2 individuals and healthy controls for their cooperation. We also thank the Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for providing funds for this study.

Funding

This work was supported by the Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment through the National Program of Neurosciences and Neurotechnology (Project Code: PN305LH013-034), the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Digital Cooperation Fellowship for the project “Identification of preclinical and progression biomarker patterns in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, using machine learning approaches on complex multimodal cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets”). All authors received funding from the Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment and the Cuban Ministry of Public Health. YVM, RRL, and LVP received funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. None has received any other funding for the last 12 months relevant or not for this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Cuban Centre for Neuroscience, 190 St, Between 25 St & 27 St, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba

    Yaimeé Vázquez-Mojena, Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada & Karen León-Arcia

  2. Cuban Centre for Neurosciences, 190 Street, 19818, Between 25 & 27, 11600, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, Cuba

    Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada

  3. Institute of Nephrology “Abelardo Buch López”, 26 Avenue & Rancho Boyeros Avenue10400, Plaza de La Revolución, Havana, Cuba

    Yanetsy Córdova-Rodríguez

  4. Clinical & Surgical Hospital “Calixto Garcia”, Universidad Avenue & J St, Vedado10400, Plaza de La Revolución, Havana, Cuba

    Yennis Domínguez-Barrios

  5. Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Havana, 146 St, 3102, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba

    Mario E. Fernández-Herrera & Luis Velázquez-Pérez

  6. Neuroimmunology Dept, International Centre for Neurological Restoration, 25 Avenue 15805, Between 158 St & 160 St, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba

    Nancy Pavón-Fuentes & Maria de los Angeles Robinson-Agramonte

  7. Cuban Academy of Sciences, Cuba St 460, Between Teniente Rey & Amargura, Habana Vieja, 10100, Havana, Cuba

    Luis Velázquez-Pérez

  8. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata St Between G St & Carlitos Aguirre St, 10400, Plaza de La Revolución, Havana, Cuba

    Luis Velázquez-Pérez

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  1. Yaimeé Vázquez-Mojena
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Contributions

Conceptualization and study design: YVM, RRL, MARA, and LVP. Literature search: YVM and RRL. Data collection: YVM, YCR, YDB, KLA, MEFH, NPF, RRL, and LVP. Data analysis: YVM and RRL. Data interpretation: YVM, RRL, MARA, and LVP. Writing—original draft: YVM and RRL. Writing—review and editing: MARA and LVP All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada or Maria de los Angeles Robinson-Agramonte.

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Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (Holguin, Cuba) and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Vázquez-Mojena, Y., Rodríguez-Labrada, R., Córdova-Rodríguez, Y. et al. Serum S100β Levels Are Linked with Cognitive Decline and Peripheral Inflammation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. Cerebellum (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-024-01665-2

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