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Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-European Fungal Infections

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Abstract

In light of the growing at-risk population (HIV-infected patients, transplant recipients, cancer patients, and other immunocompromised individuals), the accurate and prompt diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) is imperative in order to reduce the risk of death and/or misdiagnosis. In this context, greater knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical features of IFIs is critical, since other factors such as travel, place of residence, and recreational activities may influence the timing for proper diagnosis of endemic IFIs such as histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, penicilliosis, chromoblastomycosis, African histoplasmosis, lobomycosis, sporotrichosis, and basidiobolomycosis. The first step is an awareness of these IFIs in the at-risk population; the second is choosing the diagnostic method with the best opportunity to correctly identify the IFI; and the third is determining the best therapeutic option, as there are options currently available other than amphotericin B deoxycholate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. U. Binder of the Innsbruck Medical University (Innsbruck, Austria) for his review of the manuscript.

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Conflict of Interest

J. Sifuentes-Osornio has received research grants from Senosiain, Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dhome, Sanofi Pasteur, AstraZeneca, and bioMérieux; personal fees from Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dhome, and Sanofi Pasteur; and non-financial support from Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dhome, Sanofi Pasteur, and bioMérieux.

P. Torres-Gonzalez has received research grants from Pfizer and Sanofi Pasteur.

A. Ponce-de-Leon has received research grants from Merck Sharp & Dhome and Pfizer; and is on the advisory board for Merck Sharp & Dhome, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag, and Novartis.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All studies by J. Sifuentes-Osornio and A. Ponce-de-Leon involving animal and/or human subjects were performed after approval by the appropriate institutional review boards. Written informed consent, when required, was obtained from all participants.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, 15 Vasco de Quiroga, Colonia sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, ZC, 14000, Mexico

    José Sifuentes-Osornio

  2. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, 15 Vasco de Quiroga, Colonia sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, ZC, 14000, Mexico

    Pedro Torres-Gonzalez & Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon

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Sifuentes-Osornio, J., Torres-Gonzalez, P. & Ponce-de-Leon, A. Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-European Fungal Infections. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 8, 343–352 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-014-0202-1

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