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Evaluation of melatonin and AFMK levels in women with breast cancer

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Abstract

Purpose

Changes in the circadian rhythm may contribute to the development of cancer and are correlated with the high risk of breast cancer (BC) in night workers. Melatonin is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland at night in the absence of light. Levels of melatonin and the metabolite of oxidative metabolism AFMK (acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine), are suggested as potential biomarkers of BC risk. The aims of this study were to evaluate levels of melatonin and AFMK in women recently diagnosed with BC, women under adjuvant chemotherapy, and night-shift nurses, and compare them with healthy women to evaluate the relation of these compounds with BC risk.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 47 women with BC, 9 healthy women, 10 healthy night shift nurses, and 6 patients under adjuvant chemotherapy. Compound levels were measured by mass spectrometry.

Results and conclusions

Our results showed that women with BC had lower levels of melatonin compared to control group women, and even lower in night-shift nurses and in patients under adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference of AFMK levels between the groups. In addition to this, high levels of melatonin and AFMK were related to patients with metastasis, and high levels of AFMK were related to the presence of lymph node-positive, tumor > 20 mm and patients who sleep with light at night. Our results showed a reduction of melatonin levels in BC patients, suggesting a relation with the disease, and in addition, point to the importance of melatonin supplementation in women that work at night to reduce the BC risk.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the grant #2015/02935-2, from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant #003/2015, FAPERP—Foundation to Support Research and Extension of São José do Rio Preto and Professor Luis Albeto Beraldo de Moraes for ceding Spectrometry Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Mass Ribeirão Preto—University of São Paulo to perform the analysis and thank Dr. Eduardo José Crevelin for the support.

Author contributions

All authors contributed significantly to the performance of work.

Funding

This study was funded by FAPESP—São Paulo Research Foundation (# 2015/02935-2) and FAPERP—Foundation to Support Research and Extension of São José do Rio Preto (Proc. 003/2015). This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant #2015/02935-2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. São Paulo State University - UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, São Paulo, Brazil

    Tialfi Bergamin de Castro & Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari

  2. São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, 15090-000, São Paulo, Brazil

    Newton Antônio Bordin-Junior & Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari

  3. Regional University of Blumenau Foundation - FURB, Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, 89030-903, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Eduardo Alves de Almeida

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  1. Tialfi Bergamin de Castro
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de Castro, T.B., Bordin-Junior, N.A., de Almeida, E.A. et al. Evaluation of melatonin and AFMK levels in women with breast cancer. Endocrine 62, 242–249 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1624-2

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