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New Insights into Asthma Inflammation: Focus on iNKT, MAIT, and γδT Cells

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Abstract

Asthma is a chronic immunological disease affecting all age groups, but often starting in childhood. Although it has long been ascribed to a single pathology, recent studies have highlighted its heterogeneity due to the potential involvement of various pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we present our current understanding of the role of innate-like T (ILT) cells in asthma pathogenesis. These cells constitute a specific family mainly comprising γδT, invariant natural killer (iNKT) and mucosal-associated invariant (MAIT) T cells. They all share the ability to massively secrete a wide range of cytokines in a T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent or -independent manner. ILT cells are prevalent in mucosal tissues, including airways, where their innate and adaptive immune functions consist primarily in protecting tissue integrity. However, ILT cells may also have detrimental effects leading to asthma symptoms. The immune mechanisms through which this pathogenic effect occurs will be discussed in this overview.

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Funding

This work was supported by the grant ANR-18-CE14-0011-01 SevAsthma-children, Paris, France.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Jefferson Russo Victor

  2. Division of Environmental Health, FMU, Laureate International Universities, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Jefferson Russo Victor

  3. Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253, INSERM UMR1151, and Université Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France

    Guillaume Lezmi & Maria Leite-de-Moraes

  4. AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d’Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France

    Guillaume Lezmi

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  1. Jefferson Russo Victor
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Victor, J.R., Lezmi, G. & Leite-de-Moraes, M. New Insights into Asthma Inflammation: Focus on iNKT, MAIT, and γδT Cells. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 59, 371–381 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08784-8

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