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Intermittent Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Differentially Impacts Neuroreflex Control of Cardiorespiratory Function in Rats

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Abstract

Previous studies showed that chlorpyrifos (CPF) acute exposure impaired cardiorespiratory reflexes. Evidence also indicates that continuous exposure to organophosphorus compounds impairs cardiovascular function. However, the effect of intermittent exposure to CPF, as may be experienced in the real world, on tonic and reflex cardiorespiratory function remains unexplored. Wistar rats were injected with saline or CPF for 4 weeks (3 times/week) or 12 weeks (once/week) at the doses of 7 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. After exposure, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), tidal volume (VT), and minute volume (VE) were recorded. Systolic BP and pulse interval (PI) variability, HR spectrum, spontaneous baroreflex and chemoreflex function were also evaluated. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase and brainstem acetylcholinesterase activities were quantified. Enzymatic activity of the CPF animals was reduced after both treatment periods. Baseline BP, HR, and fR, as well as systolic BP and PI variability indices, did not change, after CPF treatment. VT and VE were elevated in CPF animals. CPF exposure increased the very low-frequency component of the HR spectrum. Baroreflex gain was reduced after CPF 4-week exposure. Chemoreflex bradycardia was reduced in the CPF-treated rats. These data show that intermittent exposure to CPF impairs cardiorespiratory function in rats. These results may have important clinical implications for workers seasonally exposed to these compounds.

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Acknowledgements

TJB and ISAF were recipients of CAPES foundation scholarships and AVA was a recipient of a scholarship from the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES).

Funding

This work was funded by FAPES foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo) (Grant Numbers 67650856/15 and TO131/2019). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Thatiany Jardim Batista, Vítor Sampaio Minassa, Andrew Vieira Aitken, Bianca Teixeira Jara, Vanessa Beijamini & Karla Nívea Sampaio

  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Igor Simões Assunção Felippe & Julian Francis Richmond Paton

  3. School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 ITD, UK

    Julian Francis Richmond Paton

  4. Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Leonardo dos Santos

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution at which the studies were conducted. All experiments were approved by the Institutional Committee for the Ethical Use of Animals for Research Purposes (CEUA-UFES; Approval Number 36/2016).

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Batista, T.J., Minassa, V.S., Aitken, A.V. et al. Intermittent Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Differentially Impacts Neuroreflex Control of Cardiorespiratory Function in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 19, 548–564 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-019-09528-7

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