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Pathophysiology of Chronic Migraine: Insights from Recent Neuroimaging Research

  • Chronic Daily Headache (S-J Wang and S-P Chen, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Chronic migraine (CM) is a highly disabling primary headache disorder with a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life. Episodic migraine (EM) and CM are dynamic states; CM usually evolves from EM alongside increased headache frequency, comorbidities, and medication overuse, supporting the notion that migraine is a spectrum disorder. This narrative review aims to summarize neuroimaging studies to better understand the pathophysiology of CM.

Recent Findings

Positron emission tomography studies have revealed abnormal energy metabolism and metabolic changes in the dorsal rostral pons in individuals with CM, suggesting that this structure has a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine generation and chronification. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have suggested that thalamocortical pathway dysfunction may contribute to migraine chronification, while functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have highlighted that hypothalamic activity may be involved.

Summary

Recent evidence highlights functional and structural alterations in cortical and subcortical pain-related brain regions in patients with CM. Whether these functional and structural abnormalities of the brain cause migraine chronification or are a consequence of repeated attacks is still debated. In the future, imaging patterns that predict the transformation from EM to CM should be identified.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Funding

This work was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 110–2314-B-016 -036 -MY2) and the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan (TSGH-D-109–185, TSGH-D-110048, TSGH-D-111091, and TSGH-D-111092).

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  1. Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, No. 325, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yu-Kai Lin, Chia-Lin Tsai, Guan-Yu Lin, Chung-Hsing Chou & Fu-Chi Yang

  2. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yu-Kai Lin, Chung-Hsing Chou & Fu-Chi Yang

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Correspondence to Fu-Chi Yang.

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Lin, YK., Tsai, CL., Lin, GY. et al. Pathophysiology of Chronic Migraine: Insights from Recent Neuroimaging Research. Curr Pain Headache Rep 26, 843–854 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-022-01087-x

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