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Antifungal Resistance: a Concerning Trend for the Present and Future

  • Antimicrobial Development and Drug Resistance (K Claeys and A Vega, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The global emergence of antifungal resistance among Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. is a growing threat to public health, driven largely by the expanding use of antifungals in both the clinical and agricultural settings. As treatment options remain limited, understanding mechanisms and risk factors for antifungal resistance is essential to retaining their clinical utility.

Recent Findings

Invasive candidiasis is increasingly caused by non-albicans Candida species with reduced susceptibility to first-line antifungals, making empiric treatment decisions difficult. Echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata is increasing at some high-risk centers, and multi-drug-resistant isolates are increasingly encountered. Of large concern is the rapid and global emergence of C. auris, a species associated with a high propensity for developing multi-drug resistance and nosocomial transmission. Azole resistance is now becoming more common in Aspergillus isolates as well, with breakthrough infections occurring in patients previously managed with azoles antifungals. The appearance of azole-resistant Aspergillus isolates in azole-naïve patients is also concerning, given it is now accepted that this may be due to the use of non-human azole compounds in pesticides.

Summary

Due to the climbing use of antifungals in both the clinical and agricultural sectors, the frequency of encounters with antifungal-resistant isolates will undoubtedly rise in parallel. Antifungal stewardship will need to become a new priority for antimicrobial stewardship programs in order to preserve our current selection of antifungal agents. Rapid diagnostics may help stewardship efforts by decreasing the time it takes to determine if an antifungal agent is indicated for a patient.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA

    Joshua A. Hendrickson, Chenlin Hu & Nicholas Beyda

  2. Baylor-St. Luke’s Medical Center Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Joshua A. Hendrickson & Nicholas Beyda

  3. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Samuel L. Aitken

  4. Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics (CARMiG), UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA

    Samuel L. Aitken

  5. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, Health and Biomedical Sciences Building 2, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA

    Nicholas Beyda

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Correspondence to Nicholas Beyda.

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Dr. Beyda has received grant support and is on the advisory board for Astellas Inc.

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Hendrickson, J.A., Hu, C., Aitken, S.L. et al. Antifungal Resistance: a Concerning Trend for the Present and Future. Curr Infect Dis Rep 21, 47 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-019-0702-9

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