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Innate Lymphoid Cells: Their Contributions to Gastrointestinal Tissue Homeostasis and HIV/SIV Disease Pathology

  • HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) over the past decade has reformed principles that were once thought to be exclusive to adaptive immunity. Here, we describe ILC nomenclature and function, and provide a survey of studies examining these cells in the context of HIV/SIV infections. Particular emphasis is placed on the ILC3 subset, important for proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract barrier.

Recent Findings

Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have found ILCs to be rapidly and durably depleted in untreated HIV/SIV infections. Their depletion is most likely due to a number of bystander effects induced by viral replication.

Summary

Given the number of associations observed between loss of ILCs and HIV-related GI damage, their impact on the GI tract is likely important. It may be informative to examine this subset in parallel with other immune cell types when assessing overall health of the GI tract in future studies.

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Funding

Funding for this study was provided in part by the Division of Intramural Research/NIAID/NIH.

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  1. Barrier Immunity Section, Lab of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Joseph C. Mudd & Jason M. Brenchley

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  1. Joseph C. Mudd
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  2. Jason M. Brenchley
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Correspondence to Jason M. Brenchley.

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Mudd, J.C., Brenchley, J.M. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Their Contributions to Gastrointestinal Tissue Homeostasis and HIV/SIV Disease Pathology. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 16, 181–190 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00439-4

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