Abstract
It is necessary to reduce the amount of CaF2 in the electroslag remelting (ESR) slag because it causes a high specific energy consumption and several environmental problems. Laboratory-scale experiments were performed to study the effect of temperature on the oxidation behavior of Al and Ti in Inconel® 718 alloy by the CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2 slag containing different amounts of CaO. The oxidation loss of Al in the nickel-based alloy can be restrained by increasing the amount of CaO up to about 10 wt.% in the slag at 1873 K. However, an excessive amount of CaO in the slag will result in the oxidation of Ti when TiO2 content is less than 15 wt.%. The slag containing 35 wt.% CaO and 15 wt.% TiO2 can maintain a homogeneous distribution of Al and Ti in the remelted ingot in the ESR process. The corresponding usage amount of CaF2 was decreased, which was beneficial for decreasing specific energy consumption and fluoride pollution during the ESR process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Hasanbeigi, W. Morrow, J. Sathaye, E. Masanet, and T. Xu, Energy 50, 315 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.10.062 (2013).
A. Mitchell, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 7, S63 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1315924 (1970).
B. Hernandez-Morales, and A. Mitchell, Ironmak. Steelmak. 26, 423 https://doi.org/10.1179/030192399677275 (2013).
B. Lee, and I. Sohn, JOM 66, 1581 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-1092-y (2014).
L.K. Liang, H. Yang, and Z.W. Guo, J. Northeast Univ. Technol. 14, 171. (1993).
S. Siitonen, M. Tuomaala, and P. Ahtila, Energy Policy 38, 2477 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.042 (2010).
Z.B. Li, Electroslag Metallurgy Theory and Practice (Metallurgical Industry Press, Beijing, 2010), pp 79–149.
K. Narita, T. Onoye, T. Ishii, and T. Kusamichi, Tetsu-to-Hagane 64, 1568 https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.64.10_1568 (1978).
Y. Dong, Z. Jiang, Y. Cao, D. Hou, L. Liang, and J. Duan, ISIJ Int. 55, 904 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.55.904 (2015).
Z.H. Jiang, and X.W. Jiang, J. Northeast Inst. Technol. 12, 188. (1991).
S.C. Duan, and H.-J. Guo, Steel Res. Int. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201900634 (2020).
H. Shvei and S. Mista, The Experience of the “Huta Beldon” Steel Mill in Electroslag Remelting, ed. B.I. Medovar and G.A. Boyko (Springer New York, New York, NY, 1991), p. 197.
A.B. Pokrovski, G.A. Hasin, V.I. Lazarev, L.A. Hrustalkov, V.A. Pozdnyakov, and B.M. Kukartsev, New Developments in Electroslag Remelting at the Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant, ed. B.I. Medovar and G.A. Boyko (Springer New York, New York, NY, 1991), p. 79.
Z.S. Yu, J.X. Zhang, Y. Yuan, R.C. Zhou, H.J. Zhang, and H.Z. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng: A 634, 55 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.004 (2015).
S.H. Fu, J.X. Dong, M.C. Zhang, and X.S. Xie, Mater. Sci. Eng: A 499, 215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.115 (2009).
A. Thomas, M. El-Wahabi, J.M. Cabrera, and J.M. Prado, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 177, 469 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.04.072 (2006).
J.P. Collier, S.H. Wong, J.K. Tien, and J.C. Phillips, Metall. Trans. A 19, 1657 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645133 (1988).
Y.C. Liu, Q.Y. Guo, C. Li, Y.P. Mei, X.S. Zhou, Y. Huang, and H.J. Li, Acta Metall. Sin. 52, 1259 https://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00290 (2016).
F. Reyes-Carmona, and A. Mitchell, ISIJ Int. 32, 529 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.32.529 (1992).
S. Li, G. Cheng, Z. Miao, L. Chen, C. Li, and X. Jiang, ISIJ Int. 57, 2148 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-227 (2017).
D. Hou, F.-B. Liu, T.-P. Qu, Z.-H. Jiang, D.-Y. Wang, and Y.-W. Dong, ISIJ Int. 58, 876 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-687 (2018).
R. Jiang, Y.D. Song, and P.A. Reed, Int. J. Fatigue 141, 105887 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105887 (2020).
C. Marquez, G. L’esperance, and A. Koul, Int. J. Powder Metall. 25, 301. (1989).
R.V. Miner, and R.L. Dreshfield, Metall. Trans. A 12, 261 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02655199 (1981).
S.F. Yang, S.L. Yang, J.L. Qu, J.H. Du, Y. Gu, P. Zhao, and N. Wang, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 28, 921 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-021-00617-y (2021).
J. Wang, L. Zhang, T. Wen, Y. Ren, and W. Yang, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 52, 1521 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02120-x (2021).
Y.F. Qi, J. Li, C.B. Shi, R.M. Geng, and J. Zhang, ISIJ Int. 58, 1275 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2018-003 (2018).
C.B. Shi, Y. Huang, J.X. Zhang, J. Li, and X. Zheng, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 28, 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2075-3 (2021).
G. Pateisky, H. Biele, and H.J. Fleischer, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9, 1318 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1317029 (1972).
C.X. Chen, Y. Wang, J. Fu, and E.P. Chen, Acta Metall. Sin. 17, 50. (1981).
Z. Jiang, D. Hou, Y.-W. Dong, Y.-L. Cao, H.-B. Cao, and W. Gong, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 47, 1465 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0530-8 (2016).
D. Hou, Z.H. Jiang, Y.W. Dong, W. Gong, Y.L. Cao, and H.B. Cao, ISIJ Int. 57, 1410. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-148 (2017).
D. Hou, Z. Jiang, Y. Dong, Y. Cao, H. Cao, and W. Gong, Ironmak. Steelmak. 43, 517 https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2015.1110920 (2016).
J.G. Yang, and J.H. Park, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 48, 2147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-0994-9 (2017).
S. Duan, X. Shi, M. Mao, W. Yang, S. Han, H. Guo, and J. Guo, Sci. Rep. 8, 5232 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23556-3 (2018).
S.C. Duan, X. Shi, F. Wang, M.C. Zhang, Y. Sun, H.J. Guo, and J. Guo, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 50, 3055 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-019-01665-2 (2019).
L. Peng, Z. Jiang, and X. Geng, Calphad 70, 101782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2020.101782 (2020).
D. Hou, D. Wang, Z. Jiang, T. Qu, and H. Wang, J. Sustain. Metall. 6, 463 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00287-2 (2020).
D. Hou, Z.-H. Jiang, Y.-W. Dong, Y. Li, W. Gong, and F.-B. Liu, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 48, 1885 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-0921-0 (2017).
S.C. Duan, X. Shi, M.C. Zhang, B. Li, W.S. Yang, F. Wang, H.J. Guo, and J. Guo, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 51, 353 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-019-01729-3 (2020).
D. Hou, Z.H. Jiang, Y.W. Dong, W. Gong, Y.L. Cao, and H.B. Cao, ISIJ Int. 57, 1400 https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-147 (2017).
X. Yang, C. Shi, M. Zhang, and J. Zhang, Steel Res. Int. 83, 244 https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100233 (2012).
E.T. Turkdogan, Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology (Academic Press, New York, 1980), pp 5–24.
C. Wagner, Thermodynamics of Alloys (Addison-Wesley Press, Cambridge, 1952), pp 47–51.
M.E. Fraser, and A. Mitchell, Ironmak. Steelmak. 3, 279. (1976).
G.A. Knorovsky, M.J. Cieslak, T.J. Headley, A.D. Romig, and W.F. Hammetter, Metall. Trans. A 20, 2149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650300 (1989).
Q. Wang, W. Rong, and B. Li, JOM 67, 2705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1621-3 (2015).
Y. Oguti, Y. Tanbe, S. Miyama, and A. Ejima, Tetsu-to-Hagane 63, 2152 https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.63.13_2152 (1977).
Acknowledgements
This research was partly supported by the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialists (Grant No. P0002019), funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), Korea. This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1560203) and the research fund of Hanyang University, Korea (HY-2021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Duan, SC., Lee, MJ., Park, J.H. et al. Effect of Temperature on the Oxidation Behavior of Al and Ti in Inconel® 718 Alloy by ESR Slag with Different Amounts of CaO. JOM 74, 1228–1236 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05139-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05139-2