Skip to main content
Log in

Recent Developments and Applications in Quantum Neural Network: A Review

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Quantum neural network is a useful tool which has seen more development over the years mainly after twentieth century. Like artificial neural network (ANN), a novel, useful and applicable concept has been proposed recently which is known as quantum neural network (QNN). QNN has been developed combining the basics of ANN with quantum computation paradigm which is superior than the traditional ANN. QNN is being used in computer games, function approximation, handling big data etc. Algorithms of QNN are also used in modelling social networks, associative memory devices, and automated control systems etc. Different models of QNN has been proposed by different researchers throughout the world but systematic study of these models have not been done till date. Moreover, application of QNN may also be seen in some of the related research papers. As such, this paper includes different models which have been developed and further the implement of the same in various applications. In order to understand the powerfulness of QNN, few results and reasons are incorporated to show that these new models are more useful and efficient than traditional ANN.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shor PW (1994) Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In: Foundations of computer science, 1994 proceedings. 35th annual symposium on IEEE, pp 124–134

  2. Grover LK (1996) A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. In: Proceedings of the twenty-eighth annual ACM symposium on theory of computing, pp 212–219

  3. Benioff P (1982) Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of Turing machines. J Stat Phys 29(3):515–546

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Kak S (1995) On quantum neural computing. Inf Sci 83:143–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Menneer T, Narayanan A (1995) Quantum-inspired neural networks, Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, Technical Report, p 329

  6. Perus M (1996) Neuro-quantum parallelism in brain-mind and computer. Informatica 20:173–183

    Google Scholar 

  7. Vlasov A (1997) Quantum computations and images recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:quant-ph/9703010

  8. Menneer T (1998) Quantum artificial neural networks. PhD thesis, University of Exeter

  9. Ventura D, Martinez T (2000) Quantum associative memory. Inf Sci 124(1–4):273–296

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Behrman EC, Nash LR, Steck JE, Chandrashekar VG, Skinner SR (2000) Simulations of quantum neural networks. Inf Sci 128(3–4):257–269

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Narayanan A, Menneer T (2000) Quantum artificial neural network architectures and components. Inf Sci 128(3–4):231–255

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Altaisky MV (2001) Quantum neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:quant-ph/0107012

  13. Gupta S, Zia RKP (2001) Quantum neural networks. J Comput Syst Sci 63(3):355–383

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Kouda N, Matsui N, Nishimura H, Peper F (2003) Qubit neural network and its efficiency. In: International conference on knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems, pp 304–310

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schuld M, Sinayskiy I, Petruccione F (2014) The quest for a quantum neural network. Quantum Inf Process 13(11):2567–2586

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Ezhov AA, Ventura D (2000) Quantum neural networks. In: Kasabov N (ed) Future directions for intelligent systems and information sciences. Physica, Heidelberg, pp 213–235

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Ricks B, Ventura D (2004) Training a quantum neural network. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 1019–1026

  18. Li P, Xiao H (2014) Model and algorithm of quantum-inspired neural network with sequence input based on controlled rotation gates. Appl Intell 40:107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Imre S, Balazs F (2013) Quantum computing and communications: an engineering approach. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  20. Zhou R, Ding Q (2007) Quantum MP neural network. Int J Theor Phys 46:3209–3215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. da Silva AJ, de Oliveira WR, Ludermir TB (2015) Comments on “quantum MP neural network”. Int J Theor Phys 54:1878–1881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhou R (2010) Quantum competitive neural network. Int J Theor Phys 49:110–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhong Y, Yuan C (2012) Quantum competition network model based on quantum entanglement. J Comput 7(9):2312–2317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Shang F (2015) Quantum-inspired neural network with quantum weights and real weights. Open J Appl Sci 5:609–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Li P, Xiao H, Shang F, Tong X, Li X, Cao M (2013) A hybrid quantum-inspired neural networks with sequence inputs. Neurocomputing 117:81–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cao M, Li P (2014) Quantum-inspired neural networks with applications. Int J Comput Inf Technol 3(1):83–92

    Google Scholar 

  27. Li Z, Li P (2015) Quantum-inspired neural network with sequence input. Open J Appl Sci 5:259–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Behrman EC, Niemel J, Steck JE, Skinner SR (1996) A quantum dot neural network. In: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on physics of computation, pp 22–24

  29. Toth G, Lent CS, Tougaw PD, Brazhnik Y, Weng W, Porod W, Liu RW, Huang YF (1996) Quantum cellular neural networks. Superlattices Microstruct 20(4):473–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Chua LO, Yang L (1988) Cellular neural networks: applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 35(10):1273–1290

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Fortuna L, Porto D (2002) Chaotic phenomena in quantum cellular neural networks. In: Cellular neural networks and their applications. Proceedings of 7th IEEE international workshop, pp 369–376

  32. Sen W, Li C, Qin L, Gang W (2007) Chaotic phenomena in Josephson circuits coupled quantum cellular neural networks. Chin Phys 16(9):2631–2634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Matsui N, Takai M, Nishimura H (2000) A network model based on qubit-like neuron corresponding to quantum circuit. Electron Commun Jpn (Part III: Fundam Electron Sci) 83(10):67–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kouda N, Matsui N, Nishimura H (2004) A multilayered feedforward network based on qubit neuron model. Syst Comp Jpn 35(13):43–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kouda N, Matsui N, Nishimura H, Peper F (2005) Qubit neural network and its learning efficiency. Neural Comput Appl 14(2):114–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kouda N, Matsui N, Nishimura H, Peper F (2005) An examination of qubit neural network in controlling an inverted pendulum. Neural Process Lett 22(3):277–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Matsui N, Nishimura H, Isokawa T (2009) Qubit neural networks: its performance and applications. In: Nitta T (ed) Complex-valued neural networks: utilizing high-dimensional parameters, information science reference. IGI Global, Hershey, pp 325–351

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Perus M (2000) Neural networks as a basis for quantum associative networks. Neural Netw World 10(6):1001–1013

    Google Scholar 

  39. Zhou R, Wang H, Wu Q, Shi Y (2012) Quantum associative neural network with nonlinear search algorithm. Int J Theor Phys 51(3):705–723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhou R, Zheng HY, Jiang N, Ding Q (2006) Self-organizing quantum neural network. In: Neural networks, 2006. IJCNN’06. International joint conference on IEEE, pp 1067–1072

  41. Shafee F (2007) Neural networks with quantum gated nodes. Eng Appl Artif Intell 20(4):429–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Xuan H (2011) Research on quantum adaptive resonance theory neural network. In: Electronic and mechanical engineering and information technology (EMEIT), international conference on IEEE, vol 8, pp 3885–3888

  43. Perus M, Bischof H, Hadzibeganovic T (2005) A natural quantum neural-like network. NeuroQuantology 3(3):151–163

    Google Scholar 

  44. Sagheer A, Zidan M (2013) Autonomous quantum perceptron neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.4149

  45. Liu CY, Chen C, Chang CT, Shih LM (2013) Single-hidden-layer feed-forward quantum neural network based on Grover learning. Neural Netw 45:144–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Behrman EC, Steck JE (2013) A quantum neural network computes its own relative phase. In: Swarm intelligence (SIS), 2013 IEEE symposium, pp 119–124

  47. Purushothaman G, Karayiannis NB (1997) Quantum neural networks (QNNs): inherently fuzzy feedforward neural networks. Neural Netw IEEE Trans Neural Netw 8(3):679–693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhong YH, Yuan CQ (2013) Analysis of quantum neural network learning ability. Appl Math & Inf Sci 7(2L):679–683

    Google Scholar 

  49. da Silva AJ, de Oliveira WR, Ludermir TB (2012) Classical and superposed learning for quantum weightless neural networks. Neurocomputing 75(1):52–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ventura D, Martinez T (1998) An artificial neuron with quantum mechanical properties. In: Artificial neural nets and genetic algorithms. Springer, Vienna, pp 482–485

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. Cao H, Cao F, Wang D (2015) Quantum artificial neural networks with applications. Inf Sci 290:1–6

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  52. da Silva AJ, de Oliveira WR, Ludermir TB (2014) Training a classical weightless neural network in a quantum computer.  In: European symposium on artificial neural networks, computational intelligence and machine learning, pp 523–528

  53. Kouda N, Matsui N, Nishimura H (2002) Image compression by layered quantum neural networks. Neural Process Lett 16(1):67–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Li H, Li M (2010) A new method of image compression based on quantum neural network. In: Information science and management engineering (ISME), 2010 international conference of IEEE, vol 1, pp 567–570

  55. Li P, Li J (2007) A facial expression recognition method based on quantum neural networks. In: Proceedings of international conference on intelligent systems and knowledge engineering, pp 74–78

  56. Xu Y, Zhang X, Gai H (2011) Quantum neural networks for face recognition classifier. Procedia Eng 15:1319–1323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Mu D, Guan Z, Zhang H (2013) Learning algorithm and application of quantum neural networks with quantum weights. Int J Comput Theory Eng 5(5):788–792

    Google Scholar 

  58. Li J, Zhao S, Zhang H, Liu Y (2015) Neural networks based on quantum gated nodes. Int J Comput Inf Technol 4:583–589

    Google Scholar 

  59. Araújo RDA, de Oliveira AL, Soares SC (2010) A quantum-inspired hybrid methodology for financial time series prediction. In: The 2010 international joint conference on IEEE, Neural networks (IJCNN), pp 1–8

  60. Cui Y, Shi J, Wang Z (2015) Complex rotation quantum dynamic neural networks (CRQDNN) using complex quantum neuron (CQN): applications to time series prediction. Neural Netw 71:11–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Azevedo CR, Ferreira TA (2007) The application of qubit neural networks for time series forecasting with automatic phase adjustment mechanism. In: Proceedings of XXVII congress of the Brazilian computer science society (VI national meeting of artificial intelligence), pp 1112–1121

  62. Ren X, Zhang F, Zheng L, Men X (2010) Application of quantum neural network based on rough set in transformer fault diagnosis. In: Power and energy engineering conference (APPEEC), 2010 Asia-Pacific IEEE, pp 1–4

  63. Mahajan RP (2011) A quantum neural network approach for portfolio selection. Int J Comput Appl 29(4):47–54

    Google Scholar 

  64. Yu S, Ma N (2008) Quantum neural network and its application in vehicle classification. In: Natural computation, ICNC’08. Fourth international conference on IEEE, vol 2, pp 499–503

  65. Zhou J (2003) Automatic detection of premature ventricular contraction using quantum neural networks. In: Bioinformatics and bioengineering, 2003. Proceedings. Third IEEE symposium, pp 169–173

  66. Zhou J, Gan Q, Krzyżak A, Suen CY (1999) Recognition of handwritten numerals by quantum neural network with fuzzy features. Int J Doc Anal Recogn 2(1):30–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Zhang Z, Liu Y, Xie J (2013) Study on application of quantum BP neural network to curve fitting. TELKOMNIKA Indones J Electr Eng 11(10):5636–5643

    Google Scholar 

  68. Aljazaery IA, Ali AA, Abdulridha HM (2011) Classification of Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals using quantum neural network. Signal Process Int J (SPIJ) 4(6):329–337

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lin CJ, Chen CH, Lee CY (2006) TSK-type quantum neural fuzzy network for temperature control. Int Math Forum 1(18):853–866

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  70. Gandhi VS, McGinnity TM (2013) Quantum neural network based surface EMG signal filtering for control of robotic hand. In: Neural networks (IJCNN), the 2013 international joint conference on IEEE, pp 1–7

  71. Behera L, Sundaram B (2004) Stochastic filtering and speech enhancement using a recurrent quantum neural network. In: Intelligent sensing and information processing. Proceedings of international conference on IEEE, pp 165–170

  72. Behera L, Kar I, Elitzur AC (2005) A recurrent quantum neural network model to describe eye tracking of moving targets. Found Phys Lett 18(4):357–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Ivancevic VG, Reid DJ (2009) Dynamics of confined crowds modelled using entropic stochastic resonance and quantum neural networks. Int J Intell Def Support Syst 2(4):269–289

    Google Scholar 

  74. Takahashi K, Kurokawa M, Hashimoto M (2012) Controller application of a multi-layer quantum neural network with qubit neurons. J Adv Mech Des Syst Manuf 6(4):526–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Chakraverty.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jeswal, S.K., Chakraverty, S. Recent Developments and Applications in Quantum Neural Network: A Review. Arch Computat Methods Eng 26, 793–807 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-018-9269-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-018-9269-0

Navigation