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Indigenous Knowledge and Resource Management as World Heritage Values: Budj Bim Cultural Landscape, Australia

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Abstract

Budj Bim Cultural Landscape, Australia, is internationally recognised for evidence of the 6000-year-old Gunditjmara eel aquaculture system. Research supporting a World Heritage nomination for Budj Bim has found that Indigenous knowledge, use and management of natural resources are rarely considered as cultural values in World Heritage sites. When cultural landscapes that reflect these values are considered as a distinct type of site, a significant gap is highlighted in the representation of the values of Indigenous peoples on the World Heritage List.

Résumé

Le paysage culturel de Budj Bim en Australie, bénéficie d’une reconnaissance internationale en raison de vestiges datant de 6 000 ans du système Gunditjmara d’aquaculture de l’anguille. La recherche à l’appui d’une nomination de Budj Bim au Patrimoine mondial a mis en évidence que le savoir, l’utilisation et la gestion des ressources naturelles par les indigènes sont rarement considérés comme des valeurs culturelles sur les sites du Patrimoine mondial. Lorsque des paysages culturels exprimant ces valeurs sont envisagés comme un type distinct de site, ceci souligne un écart significatif dans la représentation des valeurs des peuples indigènes sur la Liste du Patrimoine mondial ainsi que le potentiel en faveur de nombreuses nominations ultérieures de paysages culturels reflétant ces valeurs.

Resumen

El Paisaje Cultural de Budj Bim, Australia, es reconocido internacionalmente por la evidencia del sistema acuícola de anguila de Gunditjmara de 6000 años de edad. La investigación para apoyar una nominación de Patrimonio Mundial para Budj Bim ha encontrado que el conocimiento, el uso y el manejo de los recursos naturales por los indígenas rara vez se consideran valores culturales en los sitios del Patrimonio Mundial. Cuando los paisajes culturales que expresan estos valores se consideran como un tipo de sitio distinto, se resalta una brecha significativa en la representación de los valores de los pueblos indígenas en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial junto con el potencial de muchas otras nominaciones de paisajes culturales que reflejen estos valores.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support of, and pay our respects to, Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation, Winda Mara Aboriginal Corporation and Aboriginal Victoria. Our thanks also to all the people who have contributed to our discussions during writing of the comparative analysis for Budj Bim and the drafting of this paper.

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  1. Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia

    Anita Smith & Chris Johnston

  2. Monash Indigenous Studies Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia

    Ian J. McNiven

  3. Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation, Heywood, Australia

    Denis Rose

  4. Museum and Heritage Studies Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Steve Brown

  5. Office of Aboriginal Victoria, State Government of Victoria, East Melbourne, Australia

    Simon Crocker

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Smith, A., McNiven, I.J., Rose, D. et al. Indigenous Knowledge and Resource Management as World Heritage Values: Budj Bim Cultural Landscape, Australia. Arch 15, 285–313 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-019-09368-5

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