Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the attributable cause for 90% of lung cancers. To complement preventative strategies, the advent of lung cancer screening programs targeted at prior and active smokers has been explored to reduce the mortality and morbidity of this lethal malignancy. In this article, we discuss the results of major computed tomography-based lung cancer screening trials, cost-effectiveness of screening, guidelines from major societies and future directions of the field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alberg AJ, Samet JM. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Chest. 2003;123(1 Suppl):21S–49S (Review).
Gray N. A global approach to tobacco policy. Lung Cancer. 2003;39(2):113–7.
Detterbeck FC, Boffa DJ, Tanoue LT, et al. The new lung cancer staging system. Chest. 2009;136(1):260–71.
Flehinger BJ, Kimmel M, Polyak T, Melamed MR. Screening for lung cancer. The Mayo Lung Project revisited. Cancer. 1993;72(5):1573–80.
Frost JK, Ball WC Jr, Levin ML, Tockman MS, Baker RR, Carter D, Eggleston JC, Erozan YS, Gupta PK, Khouri NF, et al. Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (prevalence) radiologic and cytologic screening in the Johns Hopkins study. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;130(4):549–54.
Kubík AK, Parkin DM, Zatloukal P. Czech Study on Lung Cancer Screening: post-trial follow-up of lung cancer deaths up to year 15 since enrollment. Cancer. 2000;89(11 Suppl):2363–8.
Kalra MK. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(5):719–20.
Larke FJ, Kruger RL, Cagnon CH, Flynn MJ, McNitt-Gray MM, Wu X, Judy PF, Cody DD. Estimated radiation dose associated with low-dose chest CT of average-size participants in the National Lung Screening Trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(5):1165.
Koning HD, Van Der Aalst C, Ten Haaf K, Oudkerk M. Effects of volume CT lung cancer screening: mortality results of the Nelson Randomised-Controlled Population based trial. IASLC 19th World Congress Abstract, September 2018.
Villanti AC, Jiang Y, Abrams DB, et al. A cost-utility analysis of lung cancer screening and the additional benefits of incorporating smoking cessation interventions. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e71379.
Pyenson BS, Sander MS, Jiang Y, et al. An actuarial analysis shows that offering lung cancer screening as an insurance benefit would save lives at relatively low cost. Health Aff. 2012;31:770–9.
Goulart BH, Bensink ME, Mummy DG, et al. Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography: costs, national expenditures, and cost-effectiveness. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2012;10:267–75.
Mauchley DC, Mitchell JD. Current estimate of costs of lung cancer screening in the United States. Thorac Surg Clin. 2015;25:205–15.
USPSTF website. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening?ds=1&s=lung%20cancer%20screening. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.
Jaklitsch MT, Jacobson FL, Austin JH, Field JK, Jett JR, Keshavjee S, MacMahon H, Mulshine JL, Munden RF, Salgia R, Strauss GM, Swanson SJ, Travis WD, Sugarbaker DJ. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery guidelines for lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography scans for lung cancer survivors and other high-risk groups. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144(1):33–8.
Wood DE. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening. Thorac Surg Clin. 2015;25:185–97.
Rampinelli C, De Marco P, Origgi D, Maisonneuve P, Casiraghi M, Veronesi G, Spaggiari L, Bellomi M. Exposure to low dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening and risk of cancer: secondary analysis of trial data and risk-benefit analysis. BMJ. 2017;356:j347.
Sone S, Nakayama T, Honda T, Tsushima K, Li F, Haniuda M, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T, Yamanda T, Kondo R, Hanaoka T, Takayama F, Kubo K, Fushimi H. Long-term follow-up study of a population-based 1996-1998 mass screening programme for lung cancer using mobile low-dose spiral computed tomography. Lung Cancer. 2007;58(3):329–41.
Bleyer A, Welch HG. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(21):1998–2005.
Ardila D, Kiraly AP, Bharadwaj S, Choi B, Reicher JJ, Peng L, Tse D, Etemadi M, Ye W, Corrado G, Naidich DP, Shetty S. End-to-end lung cancer screening with three-dimensional deep learning on low-dose chest computed tomography. Nat Med. 2019;25(6):954–61.
Ye K, Zhu Q, Li M, Lu Y, Yuan H. A feasibility study of pulmonary nodule detection by ultralow-dose CT with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V technique. Eur J Radiol. 2019;119:108652.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All other authors have nothing to report with regard to commercial support.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sudarshan, M., Murthy, S. Computed tomography screening for lung cancer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 68, 660–664 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-020-01392-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-020-01392-5