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Perilla Oil Reduces Fatty Streak Formation at Aortic Sinus via Attenuation of Plasma Lipids and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in ApoE KO Mice

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Lipids

Abstract

Consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced incidence of atherosclerosis. Perilla oil (PO) is a vegetable oil rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), an n-3 PUFA. In this study, antiatherogenic effects and related mechanisms of PO were investigated in atherosclerotic mice. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice (male, n = 27) were fed high-cholesterol and high-fat diets containing 10 % w/w lard (LD), PO, or sunflower oil (SO) for 10 weeks. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations reduced in the PO and SO groups compared to the concentrations in the LD group (P < 0.05). The PO group showed reduced fatty streak lesion size at the aortic sinus (P < 0.05) compared to the sizes in the LD and SO groups. A morphometric analysis showed enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the PO group compared to that in the LD group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, aortic protein expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 was diminished in the PO group compared to that in the LD and SO groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that PO inhibited the development of aortic atherosclerosis by improving the plasma lipid profile, regulating nitric oxide synthase, and suppressing the vascular inflammatory response in the aorta of ApoE KO mice.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

Avidin biotin complex

AI:

Atherogenic index

AIP:

Atherogenic index of plasma

ALA:

Alpha-linolenic acid (183n-3)

ApoE KO:

Apolipoprotein E knockout

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DAB:

Diaminobenzidine hydrochloride

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (226n-3)

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (205n-3)

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

ICAM-1:

Intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

LD:

Lard

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LNA:

Linoleic acid (182n-6)

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kB

NO:

Nitric oxide

PO:

Perilla oil

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SO:

Sunflower oil

TC:

Total cholesterol

TAG:

Triacylglycerol(s)

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant from Pusan National University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Sun Hee Hong, Mijeong Kim & Yeong Ok Song

  2. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan, 48520, Republic of Korea

    Jeong Sook Noh

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  1. Sun Hee Hong
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Correspondence to Yeong Ok Song.

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Hong, S.H., Kim, M., Noh, J.S. et al. Perilla Oil Reduces Fatty Streak Formation at Aortic Sinus via Attenuation of Plasma Lipids and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in ApoE KO Mice. Lipids 51, 1161–1170 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4188-z

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