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Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism in Juvenile Barramundi Lates calcarifer

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Lipids

Abstract

A two part experiment was conducted to assess the response of barramundi (Lates calcarifer; initial weight = 10.3 ± 0.03 g; mean ± S.D.) fed one of five diets with varying eicosapentaenoic acid (diets 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg) or one of four diets with varying arachidonic acid (1, 6, 12, 18 g/kg) against a fish oil control diet. After 6 weeks of feeding, the addition of EPA or ARA did not impact on growth performance or feed utilisation. Analysis of the whole body fatty acids showed that these reflected those of the diets. The ARA retention demonstrated an inversely related curvilinear response to either EPA or ARA. The calculated marginal utilisation efficiencies of EPA and ARA were high (62.1 and 91.9 % respectively) and a dietary ARA requirement was defined (0.012 g/kg0.796/day). The partial cDNA sequences of genes regulating eicosanoid biosynthesis were identified in barramundi tissues, namely cyclooxygenase 1 (Lc COX1a, Lc COX1b), cyclooxygenase 2 (Lc COX2) and lipoxygenase (Lc ALOX-5). Both Lc COX2 and Lc ALOX-5 expression in the liver tissue were elevated in response to increasing dietary ARA, meanwhile expression levels of Lc COX2 and the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Lc CPT1a) were elevated in the kidney. A low level of EPA increased the expression of Lc COX1b in the liver. Consideration should be given to the EPA to ARA balance for juvenile barramundi in light of nutritionally inducible nature of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes.

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Abbreviations

ARA:

Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6)

C18PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

cDNA:

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

COX:

Cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin G/H synthase)

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3)

Lc:

Lates calcarifer

LC-PUFA:

Long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

LOX:

Lipoxygenase (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase)

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid(s)

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the technical assistance provided by CSIRO Agriculture staff including David Blyth, Natalie Habilay, Simon Irvin, and David Poppi at the Bribie Island Research Centre (BIRC), Queensland, Australia. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. However, we would like to acknowledge the CSIRO Agriculture for financial assistance. There are no conflicts of interest to report.

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Author notes

  1. Michael J. Salini

    Present address: Ridley Aqua Feed, Unit 4, 31 Robart Court, Narangba, QLD, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deakin University, Geelong, Australia

    Michael J. Salini & Giovanni M. Turchini

  2. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Warrnambool Campus, Princess Hwy, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia

    Michael J. Salini & Giovanni M. Turchini

  3. CSIRO Agriculture, 144 North Street, Woorim, QLD, Australia

    Michael J. Salini

  4. CSIRO Agriculture, QLD Biosciences Precinct, Services Rd, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Michael J. Salini & Nicholas M. Wade

  5. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 321 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508 090, Brazil

    Bruno C. Araújo

  6. Institute of Aquaculture, Stirling University, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK

    Brett D. Glencross

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  1. Michael J. Salini
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Correspondence to Michael J. Salini.

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Salini, M.J., Wade, N.M., Araújo, B.C. et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism in Juvenile Barramundi Lates calcarifer . Lipids 51, 973–988 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4167-4

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