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Growth stimulation and inhibition by salt in relation to Na+ manipulating genes in xero-halophyte Atriplex halimus L.

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Abstract

In the present study, Na+ manipulating genes could contribute not only to ion homeostasis but also to growth stimulation with exposing the halophyte Atriplex halimus L. to moderate NaCl concentration. The stimulation of growth was attributed to Na+ accumulation inside the vacuole leading to increase leaf cell size as well as accelerate leaf cell division. Increasing the assimilatory surface could result in enhancing the photosynthetic rate. The reduction of A. halimus growth compared to optimum growth at 50 and 200 mM NaCl could be attributed to osmotic effect rather than the ionic one of salt stress. The inhibition of photosynthesis seemed to be resulted from limitation of CO2 due to the osmotic effect on stomatal conductance rather than the activity loss of photosynthetic machinery. The depletion of starch content along with the increase in sucrose content could imply that photosynthesis may be a limiting for A. halimus growth. The fast coordinate induction of Na+ manipulating genes could reveal that the tolerance of A. halimus to high concentrations evolved from its ability to regulate and control Na+ influx and efflux. V-H +-PPase may play a vital role in A. halimus tolerance to osmotic and/or ionic stress due to its kinetics of induction. It seemed that H+-ATPase plays a pivotal role in A. halimus tolerance to stress due to the increase in its protein level was detected with all NaCl concentrations as well as with PEG treatments. Both of these genes might be useful in improving stress tolerance in transgenic crops.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Department of Missions, Egypt for funding this work and the University of Sheffield, UK, for hosting the work. We also thank Dr Robert Malinowski for helping with the molecular analyses and Professor Maeshima, Nagoya University, Japan for kindly providing vacuolar H+-ATPase antibody.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, New Damietta, Damietta, 3417, Egypt

    Abdel Hamid A. Khedr, Mamdouh S. Serag, Mamdouh M. Nemat-Alla, Amina Z. Abo El-Naga, Reham M. Nada & Gaber M. Abogadallah

  2. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK

    W. Paul Quick

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  1. Abdel Hamid A. Khedr
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  2. Mamdouh S. Serag
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Correspondence to Reham M. Nada.

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Communicated by J. Zwiazek.

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Khedr, A.H.A., Serag, M.S., Nemat-Alla, M.M. et al. Growth stimulation and inhibition by salt in relation to Na+ manipulating genes in xero-halophyte Atriplex halimus L.. Acta Physiol Plant 33, 1769–1784 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-011-0714-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-011-0714-z

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