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The Relationships Among Social Media Intensity, Smartphone Addiction, and Subjective Wellbeing of Turkish College Students

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Abstract

Excessive use of new technologies appears to be potentially addictive for a minority of young people. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between personal environment factors (self-esteem and subjective wellbeing) and behaviors (social network site [SNS] intensity and smartphone addiction) drawing upon the Social Cognitive Theory and utilizing structural equation modeling. The sample comprised 734 undergraduate Business School students. Findings indicated that young people tend to use SNSs to enhance their extrinsic outcome expectation (network size) rather than intrinsic one (subjective well-being). Based on our knowledge, the present study is the first to address SNS usage behavior to assess extrinsic and intrinsic factors separately. Results also show that high SNS intensity is associated with high levels of smartphone usage, which decreases the individuals’ level of subjective wellbeing. It is also proved that low self-esteem causes smartphone addiction. Lastly, there is a weak but significant relation between SNS intensity and network size is also found. Overall, the present study contributes to our understanding of problematic smartphone and social media use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Management Information Systems Department, Sakarya University, Serdivan/Sakarya, Turkey

    Tuğba Koç & Aykut Hamit Turan

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  1. Tuğba Koç
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  2. Aykut Hamit Turan
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Correspondence to Tuğba Koç.

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The study was approved by the first author’s university ethics committee. All participants were informed about the study and the procedures were carried out according to Helsinki Declaration.

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Verbal informed consent was obtained from students who participated in the study.

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Appendix 1. Survey Instrument

Appendix 1. Survey Instrument

RSES1. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.

RSES2. At times, I think I am no good at all.

RSES3. I feel that I have a number of good qualities.

RSES4. I am able to do things as well as most other people.

RSES5. I do not have much to be proud of.

RSES6. I certainly feel useless at times.

RSES7. I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others.

RSES8. I wish I had more respect for myself.

RSES9. I am inclined to feel that I am a failure.

RSES10. I take a positive attitude towards myself.

SIS1. Visiting social networking sites is part of my everyday activity.

SIS2. I check my social networking site(s) almost every day.

SIS3. I feel out of touch when I haven’t logged onto my social networking site(s) for a day.

SIS4. I feel I am part of the community of my social networking site at the campus.

SIS5. I would be sorry if my social networking site shuts down.

SWLS1.In most ways my life is close to my ideal.

SWLS2. The conditions of my life are excellent.

SWLS3. I am satisfied with my life.

SWLS4. So far, I have gotten important things I want in life.

SWLS5. If I could live my time at over, I would change almost nothing.

SMA1. I feel lost when I do not have my mobile phone with me.

SMA2. When I do not have my mobile phone, I feel disconnected.

SMA3. I feel uneasy in places where mobile phone usage is prohibited.

SMA4. I feel the need to check again immediately after using the mobile phone.

SMA5. My excessive use of the mobile phone causes me to have problems with those around me.

SMA6. I use my mobile phone longer than I intend.

SMA7. I can’t do without my mobile phone.

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Koç, T., Turan, A.H. The Relationships Among Social Media Intensity, Smartphone Addiction, and Subjective Wellbeing of Turkish College Students. Applied Research Quality Life 16, 1999–2021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09857-8

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