Abstract
Individuals hold two distinct sets of beliefs about shopping activities: Positive beliefs regarding the degree to which shopping contributes to quality of life (shopping well-being), and negative beliefs related to the degree to which shopping activities result in overspending time, effort, and money (shopping ill-being). Shopping well-being and shopping ill-being are conceptualized as independent constructs in that shopping ill-being is not treated as negative polar of a single dimension. That is, one can experience both shopping well-being as well as shopping ill-being, simultaneously. We hypothesized that (1) shopping well-being is a positive predictor of life satisfaction, (2) shopping ill-being is a negative predictor of life satisfaction, and (3) shopping well-being does contribute to life satisfaction under conditions of low than high shopping ill-being. The study surveyed 1035 respondents in the UK. The study results supported hypotheses 1 and 3, not Hypothesis 2. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for retailers, macro-marketers, and policy makers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andreasen, A. R., Goldberg, M., & Sirgy, M. J. (2011). Foundational research on consumer welfare: Opportunities for a transformative consumer research agenda. In D. Mick, S. Pettigrew, C. Penchmann, & J. Ozanne (Eds.), Transformative consumer research for personal and collective well-being (pp. 25–65). London: Taylor and Francis Publishers.
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: America’s perception of life quality. New York: Plenum Press.
Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. (2012). Approach and avoidance motivation: Investigating hedonic consumption in a retail setting. Journal of Retailing, 88(3), 399–411.
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 644–656.
Backstrom, K. (2006). Understanding recreational shopping: A new approach. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 16(2), 143–158.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209–223.
Bearden, W. O., & Haws, K. L. (2012). How low spending control harms consumers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), 181–193.
Beatty, S. E., & Ferrell, M. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modelling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169–191.
Bosnjak, M., Brown, C. A., Lee, D.-J., Yu, G. B., & Sirgy, M. J. (2016). Self-expressiveness in sport tourism: Determinants and consequences. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 125–134.
Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., & Konow, J. (2016). Materialism, spending, and affect: An event-sampling study of marketplace behavior and its affective costs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2277–2292.
Burton, D. (2002). Consumer education and service quality: Conceptual issues and practical implications. Journal of Services Marketing, 16(2), 125–142.
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of american life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, M. K., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(1), 249–276.
Cote, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (1987). Estimating trait, method, and error variance: Generalizing across 70 construct validation studies. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 315–318.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 75(3), 542–575.
Ekici, A., Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2013). Shopping ill-being and its relation to shopping well-being and overall life satisfaction. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Macromarketing Conference. Toronto (June 4–7).
El-Hedhli, K., Chebat, J.-C., & Sirgy, M. J. (2013). Shopping well-being at the mall: Construct, antecedents, and consequences. Journal of Business Research, 66(7), 856–863.
Faber, R. J., & O’Guinn, T. C. (1992). A clinical screener for compulsive buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(4), 459–469.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Garðarsdóttir, R. B., & Dittmar, H. (2012). The relationship of materialism to debt and financial well-being: The case of Iceland’s perceived prosperity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 471–481.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2002). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(1), 510–531.
Grzeskowiak, S., Sirgy, M. J., Foscht, T., & Swoboda, B. (2016). Linking retailing experiences with life satisfaction: The concept of store-type congruity with shopper’s identity. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44(2), 124–138.
Guiry, M., Magi, A. W., & Lutz, R. J. (2006). Defining and measuring recreational shopper identity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(1), 74–83.
Hauser, C. (2010). Bank losses lead to a drop in credit card debt. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/25/business/25credit.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2011.
Haws, K., Bearden, W. O., & Nenkov, G. (2012). Consumer spending self-control effectiveness and outcome elaboration prompts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(5), 695–710.
Horvath, C., van Herk, H., & Adiguzel, F. (2013). Cultural aspects of compulsive buying in emerging and developed economies: A cross cultural study in compulsive buying. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 4(2), 8–24.
Jin, B., & Sternquist, B. (2004). Shopping is truly a joy. The Service Industries Journal, 24(6), 1–18.
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modelling with the SIMPLIS command language. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kamenou, N. (2008). Reconstructing work-life balance debates: Challenges limited understandings of the ‘life’ component in the context of ethnic minority women’s experiences. British Journal of Management, 19(1), 99–109.
Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Keinan, A., & Kivetz, R. (2008). Remedying hyperopia: The effects of self-control regret on consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(6), 676–689.
Klein, E. (2010), Digging into finance’s pay dirt: The risky business of payday loans and more. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/24/AR2010072400153.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2011.
Krishna, A. (2016). A clearer spotlight on spotlight: Understanding, conducting and reporting. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(3), 315–324.
Kwak, H., Zinkhan, G. M., & Dominick, J. R. (2009). The moderating role of gender and compulsive buying tendencies in the cultivation effects of TV shows and TV advertising: A cross cultural study between the United States and South Korea. Media Psychology, 4(1), 77–111.
Lee, D. J., Yu, G. B., Sirgy, M. J., Ekici, A., Atay, E. G., & Bahn, K. (2014). Shopping well-being and ill-being: Toward an integrated model. In F. Musso & E. Duica (Eds.), Handbook of research on retailer-consumer relationship development (pp. 27–44). Hershey: IGI Global Publishing.
Lin, J.-H., Wong, J.-Y., & Ho, C.-H. (2013). Promoting frontline employees’ quality of life: Leisure benefit systems and work-to-leisure conflicts. Tourism Management, 36(2), 178–187.
Meadow, H. L., & Sirgy, M. J. (2008). Developing a measure that captures elderly's well-being in local marketplace transactions. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 3(1), 63–80.
Moss, M. (2007). Shopping is an entertainment experience. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Muntz, M. (2016). Christmas and subjective well-being: A research note. Applied Research Quality Life. doi:10.1007/s11482-015-9441-8.
Nicolao, L., Irwin, J. R., & Goodman, J. K. (2009). Happiness for sale: Do experiential or material purchases lead to greater happiness? Journal of Consumer Research, 36(3), 188–198.
Norvilitis, J. M., Merwin, M. M., Osberg, T. M., Roehling, P. V., Young, P., & Kamas, M. M. (2006). Personality factors, money attitudes, financial knowledge, and credit-card debt in college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(6), 1395–1413.
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Britt, T. W., & Bobko, P. (2012). Work-family balance, well-being, and organizational outcomes: Investigating actual versus desired work/family time discrepancies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(3), 331–343.
Oliver, R. L., Rust, R. T., & Varki, S. (1997). Customer delight: Foundations, findings, and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 311–336.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152.
Pham, S. (2011). Retirements swallowed by debt. http://newoldage.blogs.nytimes.com/201101/26/retirements-swallowed-by-debt/Accessed 2 Feb 2011.
Philips, S., Alexander, A., & Shaw, G. (2005). Consumer misbehavior: The rise of self-service grocery retailing and shoplifting in the United Kingdon c. 1950-1970. Journal of Macromarketing, 25(1), 66–75.
Pooler, J. (2003). Why we shop: Emotional rewards and retail strategies. London: Praeger Publishers.
Puccinelli, N. M., Goodstein, R. C., Grewal, D., Price, R., Raghubir, P., & Stewart, D. (2009). Customer experience management in retailing: Understanding the buying process. Journal of Retailing, 85(1), 15–30.
Richins, M. L. (2013). When wanting is better than having: Materialism, transformation expectations, and product-evoked emotions in the purchase process. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 1–18.
Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement – Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303–316.
Ridgeway, N. M., Kukar-Kinney, M., & Monroe, K. B. (2008). An expanded conceptualization and a new measure of compulsive buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(4), 622–639.
Roberts, J. A., Manolis, C., & Tanner Jr., J. F. (2005). Materialism and family structure-stress relation. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(2), 183–190.
Schor, J. (1998). The overspent American. New York: Harper Perrennial.
Sirgy, M. J. (2008). Ethics and public policy implications of consumer well-being (CWB) research. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 27(2), 207–212.
Sirgy, M. J. (2012). The psychology of quality of life: Hedonic well-being, life satisfaction, and eudaimonia. Dordrecht: Springer.
Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D.-J. (2006). Macro measures of consumer well-being (CWB): A critical analysis and a research agenda. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(1), 27–44.
Sirgy, M. J., Lee, D. J., & Rahtz, D. (2007). Research on consumer well-being (CWB): Overview of the field and introduction to the special issue. Journal of Macromarketing, 27(4), 341–349.
Sirgy, M. J., Lee, D.-J., Grzeskowiak, S., Chebat, J.-C., Herrmann, A., Hassan, S., Hegazi, I., Ekici, A., Webb, D., Su, C., & Montana, J. (2008). An extension and further validation of a community-based consumer well-being measure. Journal of Macromarketing, 28(3), 243–257.
Sirgy, M. J., Lee, D. J., Yu, G. B., Gurel-Atay, E., Tidwell, J., & Ekici, A. (2016). Self-expressiveness in shopping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30(3), 292–299.
Skowronski, J. (2010). Credit-card spending rises, but debt drops. http://www.newsweek.com/2010/08/26/credit-card-spending-rises-but-debt-drops.html. Accesed 2 Feb 2011.
Spiller, S. A., Fitzsimons, G. J., Lynch Jr., J. G., & McClelland, G. H. (2013). Spotlights, floodlights, and the magic number zero: Simple effects tests in moderated regression. Journal of Marketing Research, 50(2), 277–288.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1986). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. Journal of Business 59(4). Part, 2, 251–S278.
Van Boven, L. (2005). Experientialism, materialism, and the pursuit of happiness. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 132–142.
Van Boven, L., & Gilovich, T. (2003). To do or to have? That is the question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(6), 1193–1202.
Vassar, M. (2008). A note on the score reliability for the satisfaction with life scale: An RG study. Social Indicators Research, 86(1), 47–57.
Voydanoff, P. (2005). Toward a conceptualization of perceived work-family fit and balance: A demands and resources approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 822–836.
Wakefield, K. L., & Baker, J. (1998). Excitement at the mall: Determinants and effects on shopping response. Journal of Retailing, 74(4), 515–539.
Winefield, H. R., Body, C., & Winefield, A. H. (2014). Work-family conflict and well-being in university employees. Journal of Psychology, 148(6), 683–697.
Xiao, J. J., O'Neill, B., Prochaska, J. M., Kerbel, C. M., Brennan, P., & Bristow, B. J. (2004). A consumer education programme based on the trans-theoretical model of change. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 28(1), 55–65.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
Survey Measures Used in This Study
Shopping Ill-Being or SHIB (Investment of Too Much Time, Money, Energy in Shopping at the Expense Family, Work, Social, Leisure, and Financial Life)
-
1.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much time shopping and not enough time with the family.
-
2.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend much money on shopping causing a great deal of family strife.
-
3.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much energy shopping and not enough energy for family.
-
4.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much time shopping and not enough time for work.
-
5.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much money shopping and not enough money to further develop my career.
-
6.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much energy shopping and not enough energy to bolster my career.
-
7.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much time shopping and not enough time socializing with others.
-
8.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much money shopping and not enough money for social activities.
-
9.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much energy shopping and not enough energy for social activities.
-
10.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much time shopping and not enough time for leisure activities.
-
11.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much money shopping and not enough money for leisure activities.
-
12.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much energy shopping and not enough energy for leisure activities.
-
13.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much time shopping and not enough time making money by working hard.
-
14.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much money shopping creating havoc on financial life.
-
15.
Our family and close friends often complain that I spend too much energy shopping and not enough energy for making money by working hard.
Response scale: 7-point Likert scale: strongly disagree (1) – strongly agree (7)
Shopping Well-Being or SHWB (Belief that Shopping Contributes to Personal and One’s Family Quality of Life)
-
1.
Thinking about shopping, I feel that my shopping contributes significantly to my own personal well-being.
-
2.
Thinking about shopping, my quality of life would diminish significantly if I don’t shop.
-
3.
Thinking about shopping, I feel that shopping makes me happy.
-
4.
Thinking about shopping, I feel that shopping contributes significantly to my quality of life overall.
-
5.
I feel that my shopping activities contribute significantly to my family well-being.
-
6.
The quality of life of my family would diminish significantly if I don’t shop.
-
7.
I feel that shopping makes me happy because shopping contributes much to my family well-being.
-
8.
I feel that my shopping contributes significantly to my family’s quality of life overall.
Response scale: 7-point Likert scale: strongly disagree (1) – strongly agree (7)
Life Satisfaction
-
1.
I believe that in most ways my life is close to my ideal.
-
2.
I believe that the conditions in my life are close to excellent.
-
3.
I believe that I am satisfied with my life.
-
4.
I can say that so far I have gotten the important things I want in life.
-
5.
I can say that if I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing
Response scale: 7-point Likert scale: strongly disagree (1) – strongly agree (7)]
Domain Satisfaction (treated as Covriates)
Please indicate how satisfied or dissatisfied you are with your other life domains._
-
1.
My family life (relationship w/family members)
-
2.
Work life (relationship w/people at work)
-
3.
My financial situation (income, debts, & assets)
-
4.
My health (physical and mental health)
-
5.
My leisure life (fun & leisure activities)
-
6.
My social life (friendships & fellowship)
-
7.
My emotional life (love, sex, intimacy, & romance)
-
8.
My spiritual life (religious activities & spirituality)
Response scale: 7-point Satisfaction rating scale: not at all satisfied (1) – very satisfied (7).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ekici, A., Joseph Sirgy, M., Lee, DJ. et al. The Effects of Shopping Well-Being and Shopping Ill-Being on Consumer Life Satisfaction. Applied Research Quality Life 13, 333–353 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9524-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9524-9