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Investigation of Antibacterial Activity and Wound Healing Promotion Properties Induced by Bromelain-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles

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Abstract

With the demand for better chronic wound care, the clinical problem of managing wound infections has already reached a critical level. Therefore, the development of novel antibiotic-free wound dressings is essential for wound care. The proteolytic enzyme bromelain, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and bromelain loaded on silver nanoparticles (Br-AgNPs) were assessed for their impact on wound healing in the albino mice. The formulated nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques, i.e., ultraviolet (UV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The antibacterial and fungal activities of the formulated nanoparticles were also investigated. After 5 days of treatment, the wound healing progression and wound size reduction rate were monitored. In addition, serum and skin tissue samples were collected to assess the changes in inflammation levels and observe the histological changes. The results indicated a spherical shape and regular distribution of the synthesized gold nanoparticles, with an average particle size of 41.33–61.30 nm, where the size was about 39.84 and 82.91 nm after loading bromelain. The Br-AgNPs were the most active antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans, as compared to the other samples and positive controls. The fibronectin and collagen III levels were significantly increased in the animal groups treated with bromelain and Br-AgNPs (7132.52 ± 324.67 and 7006.00 ± 565.19 pg/ml, respectively), compared to the negative control group. Moreover, wound closure was significantly enhanced in the Br-AgNP-treated animals compared to the other treated and control groups. The histopathological analysis supported the wound healing potential of the Br-AgNPs through their ability to induce dense fibrous connective tissue in the wound area, which was rich in irregular bundles of collagen fibers and interspersed with numerous fibroblasts. The present findings could provide valuable insight into how Br-AgNPs can accelerate wound healing, reduce recovery time, and provide an antimicrobial barrier for wounds.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the University of Baghdad, University of Technology, and University of Misan, Iraq, for their technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deprtment of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Mohammed A. Ashij & Hanady S. Al-Shmgani

  2. Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ghassan M. Sulaiman

  3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia

    Hamdoon A. Mohammed

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Hamdoon A. Mohammed

  5. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan

    Eid A. Abdalrazaq

  6. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Amarah, 62001, Iraq

    Salim Albukhaty

  7. College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq

    Salim Albukhaty

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  1. Mohammed A. Ashij
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Contributions

Conceptualization: M. A. A., H. S. A.-S., and G. M. S.; methodology: M. A. A. and H. S. A.-S.; software: H. A. M. and E. A. A.; validation: S. A.; formal analysis: E. A. A., S. A., and S. A.; investigation: H. A. M.; resources: M. A. A.; data curation: H. S. A.-S., G. M. S., and S. A.; writing—original draft preparation: M. A. A., H. S. A.-S., and G. M. S.; writing—review and editing: M. A. A., H. S. A.-S., G. M. S., and H. A. M.; visualization: M. A. A., H. S. A.-S., and G. M. S.; supervision: H. S. A.-S. and G. M. S.; project administration: H. S. A.-S. and G. M. S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hanady S. Al-Shmgani or Ghassan M. Sulaiman.

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Ashij, M.A., Al-Shmgani, H.S., Sulaiman, G.M. et al. Investigation of Antibacterial Activity and Wound Healing Promotion Properties Induced by Bromelain-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles. Plasmonics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02127-x

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