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Bearing strength surface for bridge caisson foundations in frictional soil under combined loading

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Abstract

The problem of estimating the bearing capacity of massive caisson foundations in frictional soil under combined vertical (N), horizontal (Q) and moment (M) loading is examined numerically by means of three-dimensional finite element analyses. The analysis is performed with due consideration to the foundation’s depth-to-width ratio (D/B), the magnitude of the vertical load and the caisson-soil contact interface conditions. The constitutive law for soil behavior is appropriately validated against experimental results from 1-g small-scale tests, available in the literature. The ultimate limit states are presented in the form of a bearing strength surface in dimensionless and normalized form, while detailed discussion is provided on the physical and geometrical interpretation of the kinematic mechanisms that accompany failure. A generalized closed-form expression for the failure envelope in M–Q–N space is then fitted to the numerical results with use of an appropriately trained artificial neural network. An upper-bound limit equilibrium solution for a certain failure mechanism (designated as the “sliding” mechanism) associated with maximum horizontal bearing capacity is also developed for verification purposes. One of the originalities of the paper lies with respect to the post-failure response of the caissons, where it is shown that the incremental displacement vector is accurately reproduced by assuming normality on the bearing strength surface irrespective of the considered plastic flow rule (associative or non-associative) at the microscale (soil element).

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Acknowledgments

A. Zafeirakos acknowledges the financial support from the European Union (European Social Fund—ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)—Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. He furthermore acknowledges the support and the supervision of Professor George Gazetas throughout his PhD studies. Nikos Gerolymos acknowledges the financial support from the PEVE 2008 Research Project funded through the SEVE/NTUA, under Contract number 65/1694. Nikos Gerolymos is also thankful to his former undergraduate student, Ms Stylliani Ioannidou, acknowledging the contribution of her diploma thesis to this research study.

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  1. National Technical University, Athens, Greece

    Athanasios Zafeirakos & Nikos Gerolymos

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  1. Athanasios Zafeirakos
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Correspondence to Nikos Gerolymos.

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Zafeirakos, A., Gerolymos, N. Bearing strength surface for bridge caisson foundations in frictional soil under combined loading. Acta Geotech. 11, 1189–1208 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-015-0431-7

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