Abstract
An intensive field campaign was conducted in Chongqing during the summer of 2015 to explore the formation mechanisms of ozone pollution. The sources of ozone, the local production rates, and the controlling factors, as well as key species of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were quantified by integrating a local ozone budget analysis, calculations of the relative incremental reactivity, and an empirical kinetic model approach. It was found that the potential for rapid local ozone formation exists in Chongqing. During ozone pollution episodes, the ozone production rates were found to be high at the upwind station Nan Quan, the urban station Chao Zhan, and the downwind station Jin-Yun Shan. The average local ozone production rate was 30×10−9 V/V h−1 and the daily integration of the produced ozone was greater than 180×10−9 V/V. High ozone concentrations were associated with urban and downwind air masses. At most sites, the local ozone production was VOC-limited and the key species were aromatics and alkene, which originated mainly from vehicles and solvent usage. In addition, the air masses at the northwestern rural sites were NO x -limited and the local ozone production rates were significantly higher during the pollution episodes due to the increased NO x concentrations. In summary, the ozone abatement strategies of Chongqing should be focused on the mitigation of VOCs. Nevertheless, a reduction in NO x is also beneficial for reducing the regional ozone peak values in Chongqing and the surrounding areas.
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Acknowledgements
The support of the Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau for the integrated field studies is deeply appreciated. The work was supportted by the Environmental Public Welfare Industry in China (Grant No. 201509001), the National Science and Technology Supporting Plan (Grant No. 2014BAC21B01), and the Chongqing Project of the Ozone Source Appointment and its Impact on Surrounding Areas are acknowledged.
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Su, R., Lu, K., Yu, J. et al. Exploration of the formation mechanism and source attribution of ambient ozone in Chongqing with an observation-based model. Sci. China Earth Sci. 61, 23–32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9104-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9104-9