Abstract
In this manuscript, we describe a coding club we created and implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. We were purposeful in creating the club to: (a) focus on design and problem solving as the basis for learning computer coding and (b) include elements to improve the engagement of girls. We ran multiple iterations of a Girls Design with Code Club that involved over 100 girls from 22 countries. We reviewed various sources of data to evaluate how our design and implementation of the coding clubs impacted the girls who participated. In an effort to share our learnings with other researchers and program providers, we share evidence of choices that we believe had positive impacts and others that we can improve in future iterations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The primary data that generated the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, AM, upon reasonable request.
Notes
Project activities can be found here: https://cobuildathome.com/.
References
An, Y., Kaplan-Rakowski, R., Yang, J., et al. (2021). Examining K-12 teachers’ feelings, experiences, and perspectives regarding online teaching during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Technology Research and Development, 69, 2589–2613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10008-5
Battal, A., Afacan Adanır, G., & Gülbahar, Y. (2021). Computer science unplugged: A systematic literature review. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 50(1), 24–47.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Buechley, L. (2013, October). Thinking about making. In Keynote address at FabLearn conference. Stanford University.
Chakraverty, D. (2022). A cultural impostor? Native American experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 21(1), ar15.
Chang, E. (2019). Brotopia: Breaking up the boys’ club of Silicon Valley. Penguin.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3–21.
Denner, J. (2011). What predicts middle school girls’ interest in computing? International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 3(1), 54–69.
Erol, O., & Çırak, N. S. (2022). The effect of a programming tool scratch on the problem-solving skills of middle school students. Education and Information Technologies, 27(3), 4065–4086.
Fee, S. B., & Holland-Minkley, A. M. (2010). Teaching computer science through problems, not solutions. Computer Science Education, 20(2), 129–144.
Fessard, G., Wang, P., & Renna, I. (2019, July). Are there differences in learning gains when programming a tangible object or a simulation?. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM conference on innovation and technology in computer science education (pp. 78–84).
Gennari, R., Matera, M., Melonio, A., Rizvi, M., & Roumelioti, E. (2021). Reflection and awareness in the design process: Children ideating, programming and prototyping smart objects. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80(26–27), 34909–34932.
Grant, N. (2022, July 1). Google agrees to pay $118 million to settle pay discrimination case. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/12/business/google-discrimination-settlement-women.html
Halverson, E. R., & Sheridan, K. (2014). The maker movement in education. Harvard Educational Review, 84(4), 495–504.
Irwin, V. (2021, September, 20). Students’ internet access before and during the coronavirus pandemic by household socioeconomic status. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/students-internet-access-before-and-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic-by-household-socioeconomic-status
Kalelioğlu, F. (2015). A new way of teaching programming skills to K-12 students: Code. org. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 200–210.
Kennedy, A. I., Mejía-Rodríguez, A. M., & Strello, A. (2022). Inequality in remote learning quality during COVID-19: Student perspectives and mitigating factors. Large-Scale Assessments in Education, 10(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-022-00143-7
Lapan, J. C., & Smith, K. N. (2023). “No girls on the software team”: Internship experiences of women in computer science. Journal of Career Development, 50(1), 119–134.
Maltese, A., Paul, K., Simpson, A., & Zych, A. (2022, August). Creating online supports for at home making and STEM projects during COVID-19 (Work in Progress). In 2022 ASEE annual conference & exposition. https://peer.asee.org/40411
Martin, L., Dixon, C., & Betser, S. (2018). Iterative design toward equity: Youth repertoires of practice in a high school maker space. Equity & Excellence in Education, 51(1), 36–47.
Miller, P. H., Slawinski Blessing, J., & Schwartz, S. (2006). Gender differences in high-school students’ views about science. International Journal of Science Education, 28(4), 363–381.
Muñoz-Najar, A., Gilberto, A., Hasan, A., Cobo, C., Azevedo, J., & Akmal, M. (2021). Remote learning during COVID-19: Lessons from today, principles for tomorrow. World Bank Group.
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). (2023). Diversity and STEM: Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities 2023. Special Report NSF 23-315. National Science Foundation. https://ncses.nsf.gov/wmpd
Rankin, Y. A., & Thomas, J. O. (2020, February). The intersectional experiences of Black women in computing. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM technical symposium on computer science education (pp. 199–205).
Rich, P. J., Browning, S. F., Perkins, M., Shoop, T., Yoshikawa, E., & Belikov, O. M. (2019). Coding in K-8: International trends in teaching elementary/primary computing. TechTrends, 63(3), 311–329.
Rosa, P., Ferretti, F., Pereira, Â. G., Panella, F., & Wanner, M. (2017). Overview of the maker movement in the European Union. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC107298/jrc_technical_report_-_overview_maker_movement_in_eu.pdf
Seo, J. (2019). Is the Maker Movement inclusive of anyone? Three accessibility considerations to invite blind makers to the making world. TechTrends, 63(5), 514–520.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Sage publications.
Sung, E., & Kelley, T. R. (2019). Identifying design process patterns: A sequential analysis study of design thinking. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 29, 283–302.
Wilkins-Yel, K. G., Arnold, A., Bekki, J., Natarajan, M., Bernstein, B., & Randall, A. K. (2022). “I can’t push off my own Mental Health”: Chilly STEM climates, mental health, and STEM persistence among Black, Latina, and White graduate women. Sex Roles, 86(3–4), 208–232.
Xavier Hall, C. D., Wood, C. V., Hurtado, M., Moskowitz, D. A., Dyar, C., & Mustanski, B. (2022). Identifying leaks in the STEM recruitment pipeline among sexual and gender minority US secondary students. PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0268769. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268769
Acknowledgements
We want to acknowledge the participants and instructors of the Girls Design with Code Club Sessions, including Nykema Lindsey, Jona Riznavolli and Claudia Perfecto. This material is based upon work supported by the Infosys Foundation USA and the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. (DRL 2027368). Interested readers can find CoBuild-19 activities and more information at cobuildathome.com. Additionally, those interested in viewing the session can visit YouTube to view Girls Design with Code Club and GDwCC Latina Edition videos here: https://go.iu.edu/4Qh7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Maltese, A.V., Paul, K.M., Yarza, B. et al. Girls Design with Code Club. Education Tech Research Dev 72, 405–423 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10292-3
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10292-3