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Encapsulation of cinnamon oil in whey protein counteracts the disturbances in biochemical parameters, gene expression, and histological picture of the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of encapsulated cinnamon oil emulsion (COE) in whey protein concentrate (WPC) against the disturbance in lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. COE was analyzed using GC-MS, and the emulsion was prepared and characterized. In the in vivo study, six groups of male rats were treated orally for 4 weeks, including the control group, the group treated with STZ (D-rats), the groups received a low or high dose of COE (200 or 400 mg/kg B.w.), and the D-rats groups received COE at the low or high dose. Blood and tissue samples were collected after the end of the treatment period for biochemical, genetical, and histological analyses. The GC-MS results revealed that the major components of the oil were cinnamaldehyde, 1,8 cineole, acetic acid, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept2yl ester, α-Pinene, and α-Terpineol. The size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of COE were 240 ± 1.03 nm, − 7.09 ± 0.42, and 0.36, respectively. The in vivo results revealed that COE at the two tested doses improved the levels of glucose, insulin, amylase, lipid profile, hepatic MDA, SOD, and GSH. COE also downregulated hepatic GLU2, FAS, SREBP-1c, and PEPCK gene expression and upregulated IGF-1 mRNA expression in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, COE improved and the histological picture of the liver and pancreas. It could be concluded that COE overcomes the disturbances in biochemical, cytological, and histopathological changes in D-rats via the enhancement of antioxidant capacity; reduces the oxidative stress; modulates the concerned gene expression; and may be promising to develop new drugs for diabetic treatment.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt project no. 11090341 and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dongola University, Dongola, Sudan

    Kamal A. A. Mohammed

  2. Toxicology & Pharmacology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Kamal A. A. Mohammed & Helmy M. S. Ahmed

  3. Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Hafiza A. Sharaf

  4. Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Aziza A. El-Nekeety & Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab

  5. Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Sekena H. Abdel-Aziem

  6. Food Technology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Fathy M. Mehaya

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  1. Kamal A. A. Mohammed
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  7. Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
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Correspondence to Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab.

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All animals received humane care in compliance with the guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt and the National Institutes of Health (NIH publication 86-23 revised 1985).

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Mohammed, K.A.A., Ahmed, H.M.S., Sharaf, H.A. et al. Encapsulation of cinnamon oil in whey protein counteracts the disturbances in biochemical parameters, gene expression, and histological picture of the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 2829–2843 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07164-w

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