Abstract
Heavy metals have a separate precaution in the air pollution components as they are not easily deteriorated in nature, they tend to bioaccumulate, they are carcinogenic or poisonous, and they can be toxic even at low concentrations. Therefore, monitoring of heavy metal pollution is of great importance. Plants are frequently used as biomonitors to monitor the heavy metal pollution. However, the heavy metal accumulation capacities of plants can vary considerably depending on the plant species, as well as on the organelle basis and the amount of particulate matter in the environment. It is also very important to determine how much of the heavy metal concentrations found in plants are derived from the plant species and how much from the particulate matter on the organ. In this study, it was aimed to determine the change of heavy metal accumulation in some landscape plants grown in the city center of Kastamonu depending on plant type, plant organism, washing status, and traffic density. For this purpose, leaf and branch samples were collected from individuals of Ligustrum vulgare L., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Biota orientalis L., Juniperus sabina L., Berberis thunbergii DC, Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., and Buxus sempervirens L., which are frequently used in urban landscape designs growing in areas with heavy, low dense, and no traffic. Some of the collected samples were washed, and heavy metal analyses were conducted to determine the amount of Pb and Mg concentrations. It was remarkable that Pb concentration was higher in branches than in the leaves for all the species. And the alteration depending on traffic density on the base of the factors studied was in different proportion depending on the metals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akarsu, H. (2019). Determination of heavy metal accumulation in atmosphere by being aid of annual rings, Kastamonu University Institute of Science Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Plant Resources. MSc. Thesis
Aksoy A, Sahin U (1999) Elaeagnus angustifolia L. as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution. Turk J Bot 23:83–87
Aricak B, Cetin M, Erdem R, Sevik H, Cometen H (2019a) The change of some heavy metal concentrations in Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) depending on traffic density, organelle and washing. Appl Ecol Environ Res 17(3):6723–6734
Aricak B, Cetin M, Erdem R, Sevik H, Cometen H (2019b) The usability of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) as a biomonitor for traffic originated heavy metal concentrations in Turkey. Polish J Environ Stud(2020) 29(2):1–10. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/109244(In Press)
Asri FÖ, ve Sönmez S (2006) Effects of heavy metal toxicity on plant metabolism. Derim, West Mediterranean Agricultural Institute, Journal 23(2):36–45
Assirey, E., Al-Qodah, Z., Al-Ahmadi, M., (2015). Impact of traffic density on roadside pollution by some heavy metal ions in Madinah city, Kingdom of Saudi
Beckett KP, Freer-Smith PH, Taylor G (2000) The capture of particulate pollution by trees at five contrasting urban sites. Arboricultural Journal 24(2–3):209–230
Begum HA, Hamayun M, Zaman K, Shinwari ZK, Hussain ANWAR (2017) Heavy metal analysis in frequently consumable medicinal plants of Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 49(3):1155–1160
Boğa A (2007) Properties of heavy metals and their ways of action, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology. Adana. 16:218
Bondada BR, Tu S, Ma LQ (2004) Absorption of foliar-applied arsenic by the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern (Pteris vittata L.). Sci. Toplam Environ 332:61–70
Bozdogan Sert E, Turkmen M, Cetin M (2019) Heavy metal accumulation in rosemary leaves and stems exposed to traffic-related pollution near Adana-İskenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey). Environ Monit Assess 191:553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7714-7
Çavuşoğlu K, Kalyoncu H, Çavuşoğlu K (2005) Determination of lead (Pb) accumulation from exhaust gases in pine (Pinus nigra Arn. Subsp. Pallasiana (lamb.) Holmboe) leaves. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2(9):6–10
Çavuşoğlu K, Gündoğan Y, Arıcı ŞÇ, Kırındı T (2016) Mytilus sp (mussel), gammarus sp (nail) and cladophora sp (green algae) samples to investigate the heavy metal pollution in Kızılırmak River. Balikesir Univ J Instit Sci Technol 9(1):52–60
Çetin M (2016) Changes in the amount of chlorophyll in some plants of landscape studies. Kastamonu Univ J ForestFaculty 16(1):239–245
Cetin M (2019) The effect of urban planning on urban formations determining bioclimatic comfort area’s effect using satellitia imagines on air quality: a case study of Bursa city. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(10):1237–1249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00742-4
Cetin M, Sevik H, Yigit N, Ozel HB, Aricak B, Varol T (2018a) The variable of leaf micromorphogical characters on grown in distinct climate conditions in some landscape plants. Fresenius Environ Bull 27(5):3206–3211
Cetin M, Sevik H, Yigit N (2018b) Climate type-related changes in the leaf micromorphological characters of certain landscape plants. Environ Monit Assess 190(7):404
Cetin M, Onac AK, Sevik H, Sen B (2019a) Temporal and regional change of some air pollution parameters in Bursa. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(3):311–316
Cetin M, Adiguzel F, Gungor S, Kaya E, Sancar MS (2019b) Evaluation of thermal climatic region areas in terms of building density in urban management and planning for Burdur, Turkey. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(9):1103–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00727-3
Cruz AMJ, Sarmento S, Almeida SM, Silva AV, Alves C, Freitas MC, Wolterbeek H (2015) Association between atmospheric pollutants and hospital admissions in Lisbon. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res 22:5500–5510
Demirayak A, Kutbay HG, Kilic D, Bilgin A, Huseyinova R (2011) Heavy metal accumulation in some natural and exotic plants in Samsun City. Ekoloji 20(79):1–11
Dimitrijević MD, Nujkić MM, Alagić SČ, Milić SM, Tošić SB (2016) Heavy metal contamination of topsoil and parts of peach-tree growing at different distances from a smelting complex. Int J Environ Sci Technol 13(2):615–630
El-Hasan T, Al-Omari H, Jiries A, Al-Nasir F (2002) Cyprees tree (Cupressus semervirens L.) bark as an indicator for heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere of Amman City, Jordan. Environ Int 28:513–519
Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y (2015) Heavy metal stress and some mechanisms of plant defense response. The Scientific World Journal 756120:18 pages
França FC, Albuuerque AM, Almeida AC, Silveira PB, Crescêncio Filho A, Hazin CA, Honorato EV (2017) Heavy metals deposited in the culture of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by the influence of vehicular traffic in Pernambuco, Brazil. Food Chem 215:171–176
Galal TM, Shehata HS (2015) Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals by Plantago major L. grown in contaminated soils under the effect of traffic pollution. Ecol Indic 48:244–251
Hrivnák M, Paule L, Krajmerová D, Kulac S, Sevik H, Turna I, Tvauri I, Gömöry D (2017) Genetic variation in tertiary relics: the case of eastern-Mediterranean Abies (Pinaceae). Ecol Evol 7(23):10018–10030
Işık Z, Görmüş S, Ergene N (2004) Clinical importance of magnesium. General Medicine Journal 14(2):69–75
Li FR, Kang LF, Gao XQ, Hua W, Yang FW, Hei WL (2007) Traffic-related heavy metal accumulation in soils and plants in Northwest China. Soil & Sediment Contamination 16(5):473–484
Manno E, Varrica D, Dongarra G (2006) Metal distribution in road dust samples collected in an urban area close to a petrochemical plant at Gela, Sicily. Atmos Environ 40(30):5929–5941
Martley E, Gulson B, Pfeifer HR (2004) Metal concentrations in soils around the copper smelter and surrounding industrial complex of Port Kembla, NSW, Australia. Sci. Toplam Environ 325:113–127
Mossi, M.M.M (2018). Determination of heavy metal accumulation in some of the landscape plants for shrub forms. Kastamonu University Institute Of Science Department of Forest Engineering. PhD. Thesis
Okcu, M., Tozlu, E., Kumlay, A.M. & Pehluvan, M. (2009). Effects of heavy metals on plants. Journal of Alinteri17,14–26
Ozel HB, Ozel HU, Varol T (2015) Using leaves of oriental plane (Platanus orientalis L.) to determine the effects of heavy metal pollution caused by vehicles. Pol J Environ Stud 24(6):2569–2575
Petrova S, Yurukova L, Velcheva I (2014) Possibilities of using deciduous tree species in trace element biomonitoring in an urban area (Plovdiv, Bulgaria). Atmospheric Pollution Research 5(2):196–202
Qing X, Yutong Z, Shenggao L (2015) Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 120:377–385
Saltan, F. Z. & Canbay, H. S., (2015). Determination of heavy metals and nutrients in some plants used among the people in. Süleyman Demirel University journal of the Institute of Science and Technology,19(1), 83-90
Sawidis T, Breuste J, Mitrovic M, Pavlovic P, Tsigaridas K (2011) Trees as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in three European cities. Environ Pollut 159:3560–3570
Sevik H, Cetin M (2015) Effects of water stress on seed germination for select landscape plants. Pol J Environ Stud 24(2):689–693
Sevik H, Karakas H, Karaca U (2013) Color - chlorophyll relationship of some indoor ornamental plant. International Journal of Engineering Science & Research Technology 2(7):1706–1712
Sevik H, Cetin M, Kapucu O, Aricak B, Canturk U (2017) Effects of light on morphologic and stomatal characteristics of Turkish fir needles (Abies nordmanniana subsp. Bornmulleriana Mattf.). Fresenius Environ Bull 26(11):6579–6587
Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozturk A, Yigit N, Karakus O (2019a) Changes in micromorphological characters of Platanus orientalis L. leaves in Turkey. Appl Ecol Environ Res 17(3):5909–5921
Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Pinar B (2019c) Determining toxic metal concentration changes in landscaping plants based on some factors. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(8):983–991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00717-5
Sevik H, Ozel HB, Cetin M, Özel HU, Erdem T (2019b) Determination of changes in heavy metal accumulation depending on plant species, plant organism, and traffic density in some landscape plants. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12(2):189–195
Shahid, M., Khalid, S., Abbas, G., Shahid, N., Nadeem, M., Sabir, M., Aslam, M., Dumat C. (2015). Heavy metal stress and crop productivity in: K.R. Hakeem (Ed.), Crop Production and Global Environmental Issues SE − 1, Springer International Publishing, 1–25
Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalida S, Schreck E, Xiong T, Nabeel NK (2017) Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: a comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. J Hazard Mater 325:36–58
Speak A, Rothwell J, Lindley S, Smith C (2012) Urban particulate pollution reduction by four species of green roof vegetation in a UK city. Atmos Environ. 61(2012):283–293
Tanushree B, Chakraborty S, Bhumik F, Piyal B (2011) Heavy metal concentrations in street and leaf deposited dust in Anand City, India. Res J Chem Sci 1(5):61–66
Tošić S, Alagić S, Dimitrijević M, Pavlović A, Nujkić M (2016) Plant parts of the apple tree (Malus spp.) as possible indicators of heavy metal pollution. Ambio 45(4):501–512
Turkyilmaz A, Cetin M, Sevik H, Isinkaralar K, Saleh EAA (2018a) Variation of heavy metal accumulation in certain landscaping plants due to traffic density. Environ, Dev Sustain:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0296-7
Turkyilmaz A, Sevik H, Cetin M, Ahmaida Saleh EA (2018b) Changes in heavy metal accumulation depending on traffic density in some landscape plants. Pol J Environ Stud 27(5):2277–2284. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/78620
Turkyilmaz A, Sevik H, Isinkaralar K, Cetin M (2018c) Using Acer platanoides annual rings to monitor the amount of heavy metals accumulated in air. Environ Monit Assess 190:578. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6956-0
Turkyilmaz A, Sevik H, Cetin M (2018d) The use of perennial needles as bio-monitors for recently accumulated heavy metals. Landsc Ecol Eng 14(1):115–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-017-0335-9
Turkyilmaz A, Sevik H, Isinkaralar K, Cetin M (2019) Use of tree rings as a bioindicator to observe atmospheric heavy metal deposition. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(5):5122–5130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3962-2
Uzu G, Sauvain JJ, Baeza-Squiban A, Riediker M, Hohl MSS, Val S, Tack K, Denys S, Pradère P, Dumat C (2011) In vitro assessment of the pulmonary toxicity and gastric availability of lead-rich particles from a lead recycling plant. Environ. Sci. Technol 45:7888–7895
Xiong TT, Leveque T, Austruy A, Goix S, Schreck E, Dappe V, Sobanska S, Foucault Y, Dumat C (2014) Foliar uptake and metal(loid) bioaccessibility in vegetables exposed to particulate matter. Environ. Geochem Health 36:897–909
Xu Z, Zhou G (2008) Responses of leaf stomatal density to water status and its relationship with photosynthesis in a grass. J Exp Bot 59(12):3317–3325
Yigit N, Sevik H, Cetin M, Gul L (2016) Clonal variation in chemical wood characteristics in Hanönü (Kastamonu) Günlüburun black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) seed orchard. J Sustain Forest 35(7):515–526
Yucedag C, Ozel HB, Cetin M, Sevik H (2019) Variability in morphological traits of seedlings from five Euonymus japonicus cultivars. Environ Monit Assess 191(5):285
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Elena Maestri
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Ucun Ozel, H. et al. Determination of Pb and Mg accumulation in some of the landscape plants in shrub forms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 2423–2431 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06895-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06895-0