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A global perspective on the biology, impact and management of Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale: two troublesome agricultural and environmental weeds

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Abstract

Chenopodium album and C. murale are cosmopolitan, annual weed species of notable economic importance. Their unique biological features, including high reproductive capacity, seed dormancy, high persistence in the soil seed bank, the ability to germinate and grow under a wide range of environmental conditions and abiotic stress tolerance, help these species to infest diverse cropping systems. C. album and C. murale grow tall and absorb nutrients very efficiently. Both these species are allelopathic in nature and, thus, suppress the germination and growth of native vegetation and/or crop plants. These weed species infest many agronomic and horticultural crops and may cause > 90% loss in crop yields. C. album is more problematic than C. murale as the former is more widespread and infests more number of crops, and it also acts as an alternate host of several crop pests. Different cultural and mechanical methods have been used to control these weed species with varying degrees of success depending upon the cropping systems and weed infestation levels. Similarly, allelopathy and biological control have also shown some potential, especially in controlling C. album. Several herbicides have been successfully used to control these species, but the evolution of wide-scale herbicide resistance in C. album has limited the efficacy of chemical control. However, the use of alternative herbicides in rotation and the integration of chemicals and biologically based control methods may provide a sustainable control of C. album and C. murale.

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Acknowledgements

The authors declare that there was no financial support received specifically for this manuscript. Ali Ahsan Bajwa is thankful to the University of Queensland for the provision of a scholarship for his PhD studies.

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  1. Ali Ahsan Bajwa and Usman Zulfiqar contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia

    Ali Ahsan Bajwa

  2. The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia

    Ali Ahsan Bajwa & Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

  3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Usman Zulfiqar

  4. Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Sehrish Sadia

  5. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA

    Prasanta Bhowmik

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  1. Ali Ahsan Bajwa
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Bajwa, A.A., Zulfiqar, U., Sadia, S. et al. A global perspective on the biology, impact and management of Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale: two troublesome agricultural and environmental weeds. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 5357–5371 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-04104-y

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