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Distribution of serum levels of persistent organic pollutants, heterocyclic aromatic amine theoretical intake and nutritional cofactors in a semi-rural island population

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Abstract

Persistent organic pollutant (POP) exposure is strongly associated with negative health effects in humans. Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are formed during high temperature cooking of foods (i.e. meat and fish). Human exposure to HAA is through food consumption and from similar food groups to POPs. A study of serum samples for POPs in a non-occupational exposed population (n = 149, age range 18–80 years, recruited in 2012) and comparison with estimated HAA daily intake calculations based on food diaries were undertaken. Three different age groups (group 1, 18–29 years; group 2, 30–44 years; and group 3, 45–80 years) were used to explore possible relationships between POP levels present in blood, HAA intake and nutritional cofactors. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups (1 and 3) for POP levels were found for p,p′-DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 153, PCB 138 and the sum of PCBs. A similar trend was found between groups 2 and 3 for PCB 153 and sum of PCBs. Significant differences were found between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 3 for HAA intake., i.e. HAA intake was lowest in those of middle age, which may well reflect a different pathway of human exposure between HAA and POPs through the diet preferences.

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Abbreviations

POPs:

Persistent organic pollutants

HAAs:

Heterocyclic aromatic amines

UNEP:

United Nations Environment Program

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

p,p′-DDT:

p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

p,p′-DDD:

p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane

p,p′-DDE:

p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene

HCB:

Hexachlorobenzene

HCH:

Hexachlorocyclohexane

ATSDR:

Agency for toxic substances and disease control

IARC:

International agency for research on cancer

OCs:

Organochlorine pesticides

BMI:

Body mass index

CHARRED:

Computerized heterocyclic amines resource for research in epidemiology of disease

LOD:

Lower limit of detection

LOQ:

Lower limit of quantification

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by The World Cancer Research Fund. D. Carrizo acknowledges Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) for the financial support through a Ramón y Cajal (RYC) Contract (RYC-2014-19446).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Astrobiology Centre (INTA-CSIC), Department of Planetology and Habitability, Torrejón de Ardóz, 28850, Madrid, Spain

    Daniel Carrizo

  2. Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK

    Daniel Carrizo, Olivier P. Chevallier, Kevin M. Cooper, Geraldine Cuskelly & Christopher T. Elliott

  3. Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK

    Sarah F. Brennan & Marie M. Cantwell

  4. UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Institute of Clinical Science B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, UK

    Jayne Woodside

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  1. Daniel Carrizo
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  2. Sarah F. Brennan
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Correspondence to Daniel Carrizo.

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Carrizo, D., Brennan, S.F., Chevallier, O.P. et al. Distribution of serum levels of persistent organic pollutants, heterocyclic aromatic amine theoretical intake and nutritional cofactors in a semi-rural island population. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 22393–22401 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9851-2

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