Abstract
Population attributable risks from serum IgE and dust miteallergen concentrations and environmental chemicals for eczema are unclear. Therefore, it was aimed to examine serum IgE and allergen concentrations and environmental chemicals for eczema in adults and to calculate population attributable risks in a national and population-based setting. Data retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2006, was analyzed. Information on demographics and self-reported ever eczema was obtained by household interview. Bloods and urines (sub-sample) were also collected during the interview. Adults aged 20–85 were included. Statistical analyses were using chi-square test, t test, survey-weighted logistic regression modeling, and population attributable risk (PAR) estimation. Of all the included American adults (n = 4979), 310 (6.2 %) reported ever eczema. Moreover, more eczema cases were observed in female adults but fewer cases in people born in Mexico. There were no significant associations observed between commonly known biomarkers (including vitamin D) and eczema or between dust mite allergens and eczema. Serum D. Farinae (PAR 1.0 %), D. Pteronyssinus (PAR 1.1 %), cat (PAR 1.8 %), dog (PAR 1.6 %), and muse (PAR 3.2 %) IgE antibodies were associated with eczema. Adults with ever eczema were found to have higher levels of urinary trimethylarsine oxide concentrations (PAR 7.0 %) but not other speciated arsenic concentrations. There were no clear associations between other environmental chemicals including heavy metals, phthalates, phenols, parabens, pesticides, nitrate, perchlorate, polycyclic hydrocarbons and eczema as well. Elimination of environmental risks might help delay or stop eczema up to 7 % in the adult population.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burr ML, Dunstan FD, Hand S, Ingram JR, Jones KP (2013) The natural history of eczema from birth to adult life: a cohort study. Br J Dermatol 168:1339–1342
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2007) Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, aloeBarbadensisLeaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract. Int J Toxicol 26(Suppl 2):1–50
Darsow U, Laifaoui J, Kerschenlohr K, Wollenberg A, Przybilla B, Wüthrich B, Borelli S Jr, Giusti F, Seidenari S, Drzimalla K, Simon D, Disch R, Borelli S, Devillers AC, Oranje AP, De Raeve L, Hachem JP, Dangoisse C, Blondeel A, Song M, Breuer K, Wulf A, Werfel T, Roul S, Taieb A, Bolhaar S, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Brönnimann M, Braathen LR, Didierlaurent A, André C, Ring J (2004) The prevalenceof positive reactions in the atopy patch test with aeroallergens and food allergens in subjects with atopic eczema: a European multicenter study. Allergy 59:1318–1325
Date AR, Gray AL (1989) Applications of inductivelycoupled plasma massspectrometry. Chapman and Hall, NY
Esparza-Gordillo J, Marenholz I, Lee YA (2010) Genome-wide approaches to the etiology of eczema. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 10:418–426
Fleiss JL (1979) Inference about population attributable risk from cross-sectional studies. Am J Epidemiol 110:103–104
Hanifin JM, Reed ML, Eczema Prevalence and Impact Working Group (2007) A population-based survey of eczema prevalence in the United States. Dermatitis 18:82–91
Langan SM, Flohr C, Williams HC (2007) The role of furry pets in eczema: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol 143:1570–1577
Lee YL, Li CW, Sung FC, Sheu HM, Yu HS, Guo YL (2007) Environmental factors, parental atopy and atopic eczema in primary-school children: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan. Br J Dermatol 157:1217–1224
Madhok V, Futamura M, Thomas KS, Barbarot S (2015) What'snew in atopic eczema? An analysisof systematic reviews published in 2012 and 2013. Part 2. Treatment and prevention. Clin Exp Dermatol. doi:10.1111/ced.12591
McNally NJ, Williams HC, Phillips DR (2001) Atopic eczema and the home environment. Br J Dermatol 145:730–736
Mulligan KJ, Davidson TM, Caruso JA (1990) Feasibility of the direct analysis of urine by inductively coupled argon plasma mass-spectrometry for biological monitoring of exposure to metals. J Anal At Spectrom 5:301–306
Shiue I (2012) Hospital admissions for allergy and eczema varied across regions in England, 2008-2011. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 109:225–226
Silva MJ, Samandar E, Preau JL Jr, Reidy JA, Needham LL, Calafat AM (2007) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 860:106–112
Silverberg JI, Hanifin JM (2013) Adult eczema prevalence and associations with asthma and other health and demographic factors: a US population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 132:1132–1138
Silverberg JI, Simpson EL (2014) Associations of childhood eczema severity: a US population-based study. Dermatitis 25:107–114
Silverberg JI, Simpson EL, Durkin HG, Joks R (2013) Prevalence of allergic disease in foreign-born American children. JAMA Pediatr 167:554–560
Simoni M, Lombardi E, Berti G, Rusconi F, La Grutta S, Piffer S, Petronio MG, Galassi C, Forastiere F, Viegi G, SIDRIA-2 Collaborative Group (2005) Mould/dampness exposure at home is associated with respiratory disorders in Italian children and adolescents: the SIDRIA-2 study. Occup Environ Med 62:616–622
Solis-Soto MT, Patiño A, Nowak D, Radon K (2013) Association between environmental factors and current asthma, rhino conjunctivitis and eczema symptoms in school-aged children from Oropeza Province--Bolivia: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 12:95
Vahter M, Akesson A, Lidén C, Ceccatelli S, Berglund M (2007) Gender differences in the disposition and toxicity of metals. Environ Res 104:85–95
Westgard JO, Barry PL, Hunt MR (1981) Clin Chem 493
Ye XY, Kuklenyik Z, Bishop AM, Needham LL, Calafat AM (2006) Quantification of the urinary concentrations of parabens in humans by online solid phase extractionhigh performance liquid chromatographyisotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B-Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 844:53–59
Acknowledgments
None.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shiue, I. IgE antibodies and urinary trimethylarsine oxide accounted for 1–7 % population attributable risks for eczema in adults: USA NHANES 2005–2006. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 18404–18409 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5084-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5084-4