Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of isolated soy protein ingestion combined with different types of carbohydrates on muscle fatigue recovery in rat exercise model

  • Research
  • Published:
Sport Sciences for Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The consumption of isolated soy protein (ISP) is well known for its beneficial effect on muscle recovery. However, the effect of its combination with maltodextrin, honey, or dates has never been investigated. This study sought to determine the best combination of ISP and different types of carbohydrates for muscle fatigue recovery in the exercise-induced fatigue rat model.

Methods

After 3 days of adaptation, 24 9-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the maltodextrin supplementation (control) group, the maltodextrin and ISP (P1) group, the honey and ISP (P2) group, and the dates and ISP (P3) group. Each group included six rats for the 1-week experiment. Before the experimental period, baseline values of body weight and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were recorded for each group. Throughout the study, all rats performed the swimming test until exhaustion every 2 days. Following supplementation, LDH levels were measured three times: immediately after exercise, 3 h later, and 7 days later.

Results

The results showed that the mean LDH of the P2 group was significantly decreased after 3 h (63%) and 7 days (66%) of supplementation (p = 0.05) compared with the other groups.

Conclusion

Ingestion of ISP combined with honey after exercise improves muscle recovery in rats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, SO, upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, Bosquet L, Dugué B (2018) An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Physiol 9:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alghannam AF, Gonzalez JT, Betts JA (2018) Restoration of muscle glycogen and functional capacity: role of post-exercise carbohydrate and protein co-ingestion. Nutrients 10:253

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Rusdiawan A, Mar’atusSholikhah A, Prihatiningsih S (2020) The changes in pH levels, blood lactic acid and fatigue index to anaerobic exercise on athlete after NaHCO3 administration. Malays J Med Health Sci 16:2636–9346

    Google Scholar 

  4. Huang Q, Ma S, Tominaga T, Suzuki K, Liu C (2018) An 8-week, low carbohydrate, high fat, ketogenic diet enhanced exhaustive exercise capacity in mice part 2: effect on fatigue recovery, post-exercise biomarkers and anti-oxidation capacity. Nutrients 10:1–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wiewelhove T et al (2019) Effects of different recovery strategies following a half-marathon on fatigue markers in recreational runners. PLoS ONE 13:207313

    Google Scholar 

  6. McCartney D, Desbrow B, Irwin C (2018) Post-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate, protein and water: a systematic review and meta-analysis for effects on subsequent athletic performance. Sport Med 48:379–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dahl MA et al (2020) Coingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase, compared with carbohydrate only, improves endurance performance despite similar glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation. J Appl Physiol 129:297–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Yang LH, Huang CC, Ho CS (2021) Ergogenic effects of green tea combined with isolated soy protein on increasing muscle mass and exercise performance in resistance-trained mice. Nutrients 13:4547

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Shenoy S, Dhawan M, Sandhu JS (2016) Four weeks of supplementation with isolated soy protein attenuates exercise-induced muscle damage and enhances muscle recovery in well trained athletes: a randomized trial. Asian J Sports Med 7:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ren G, Yi S, Zhang H, Wang J (2017) Ingestion of soy-whey blended protein augments sports performance and ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue in a rat exercise model. Food Funct 8:670–679

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kirk B et al (2020) Effects of exercise and whey protein on muscle mass, fat mass, myoelectrical muscle fatigue and health-related quality of life in older adults: a secondary analysis of the Liverpool Hope University—Sarcopenia Ageing Trial (LHU-SAT). Eur J Appl Physiol 120:493–503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kadum H et al (2021) Using dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to improve energy metabolism in fatigue-induced Sprague Dawley rats. Futur Foods 4:100077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Qiao D, Hou L, Liu X (2006) Influence of intermittent anaerobic exercise on mouse physical endurance and antioxidant components. Br J Sports Med 40:214–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Goldfarb AH, Bloomer RJ, McKenzie MJ (2004) Effect of Microhydrin (R) on blood lactate, protein carbonyls, and glutathione status in rats before and after aerobic exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exe 14:550–559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Medbø JI, Jebens E, Noddeland H, Hanem S, Toska K (2006) Lactate elimination and glycogen resynthesis after intense bicycling. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 66(3):211–226

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tsintzas K et al (2003) Effect of carbohydrate feeding during recovery from prolonged running on muscle glycogen metabolism during subsequent exercise. Int J Sportd Med 24:452–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kellman M et al (2018) Recovery and performance in sport: consensus statement. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 13(2):240–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mielgo-Ayuso J, Fernandez-Lazaro D (2021) Nutrition and muscle recovery. Nutrients 13:294

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Burke LM et al (2004) Carbohydrates and fats for training and recovery. J Sports Sci 22:15–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaviani M et al (2019) The glycemic index of sport nutrition bars affects performance and metabolism during cycling and next-day recovery. J Hum Kinet 27(66):69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hills SP et al (2019) Honey supplementation and exercise: a systematic review. Nutrients 11(7):1586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Aly MO, Elgohary R, Tayel DI (2019) The effect of honey supplementation formula on delaying some fatigue markers on 1500 meters runners with no impact on performance. Int J Sports Sci 9(3):47–53

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia

    Mardiana, Dyah Mahendrasari, Latifah Rachmawati, Safrina Oksidriyani, Safira Chairani Dimarti, Tsaniatin N. Al Amien, Vitta M. B. Jayaputra & Dyan Violeta

Authors
  1. Mardiana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dyah Mahendrasari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Latifah Rachmawati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Safrina Oksidriyani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Safira Chairani Dimarti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tsaniatin N. Al Amien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Vitta M. B. Jayaputra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Dyan Violeta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MM and DM conceived of the presented idea. TA, VJ, and DV developed the theory and performed the computations. MM and SO verified the analytical method. LR and SCD carried out the experiment. SO wrote the manuscript with support from MM All authors discussed the result and contributed to the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Safrina Oksidriyani.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

We declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia (Ethical Clearance (EC) No. 239/KEPK/EC/2022).

Statement of human and animal rights

All of the experimental procedure involving animals were conducted in accordance with the experimental animal care guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia.

Informed consent

There are no human subjects in this experimental study and informed consent is no needed.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mardiana, Mahendrasari, D., Rachmawati, L. et al. Effect of isolated soy protein ingestion combined with different types of carbohydrates on muscle fatigue recovery in rat exercise model. Sport Sci Health 19, 1291–1294 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01080-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01080-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation