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The HDL lipidome is widely remodeled by fast food versus Mediterranean diet in 4 days

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Abstract

Introduction

HDL is associated with increased longevity and protection from multiple chronic diseases. The major HDL protein ApoA-I has a half-life of about 4 days, however, the effects of diet on the composition of HDL particles at this time scale have not been studied.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the short term dietary effect on HDL lipidomic composition.

Methods

In this randomized order cross-over study, ten healthy subjects consumed a Mediterranean (Med) and a fast food (FF) diet for 4 days, with a 4-day wash-out between treatments. Lipidomic composition was analyzed in isolated HDL fractions by an untargeted LC–MS method with 15 internal standards.

Results

HDL phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content was increased by FF diet, and 41 out of 170 lipid species were differentially affected by diet. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) and odd chain FA were enriched after FF diet, while very-long chain FA and unsaturated FA were enriched after Med diet. The composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were significantly altered to reflect the FA composition of the diet whereas the composition of sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramides were generally unaffected.

Conclusion

Results from this study indicate that the HDL lipidome is widely remodeled within 4 days of diet change and that certain lipid classes are more sensitive markers of diet whereas other lipid classes are better indicators of non-dietary factors.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Metabolomics Workbench Repository (Study ID ST001151).

Abbreviations

PL:

Phospholipid

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

LPC:

Lysophosphatidylcholine

LPE:

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine

SM:

Sphingomyelin

Cer:

Ceramide

CE:

Cholesteryl ester

FC:

Free cholesterol

TG:

Triacylglycerol

DG:

Diacylglycerol

OCFA:

Odd chain fatty acid

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

FF:

Fast food

Med:

Mediterranean

EOD18 :

Equivalent of double bonds per 18 carbons

ACL:

Average carbon chain length

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Acknowledgements

The Project described was supported by the UC Davis Hellman Fellowship; the West Coast Metabolomics Center Pilot Grant through Grant Number DK097154; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, UC Davis Clinical and Translational Sciences Center Pilot Grant Program through Grant Number UL1 TR001860; and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project CA-D-NUT-2242-H. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Chenghao Zhu, Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek, Elizabeth Beals, Riley L. Hughes, Chris H. Rhodes, Romina Sacchi & Angela M. Zivkovic

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  1. Chenghao Zhu
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  2. Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek
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  3. Elizabeth Beals
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  4. Riley L. Hughes
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  5. Chris H. Rhodes
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  6. Romina Sacchi
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  7. Angela M. Zivkovic
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Contributions

AZ conceived and designed the research. LSK, EB, RH and CR conducted the clinical study and participated in the design of the study. CZ and CR processed and analyzed the samples. RS contributed to the HDL isolation method and assisted in conducting the study. CZ and AZ analyzed the data. CZ and AZ wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Angela M. Zivkovic.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the Ethical Standards of the Institutional and/or National Research Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Zhu, C., Sawrey-Kubicek, L., Beals, E. et al. The HDL lipidome is widely remodeled by fast food versus Mediterranean diet in 4 days. Metabolomics 15, 114 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-019-1579-1

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