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Preliminary study: evaluating the reliability of CBCT images for tongue space measurements in the field of orthodontics

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 June 2020

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Abstract

Introduction

Accurately measuring tongue space is challenging, but this information can be useful to many dental specialties. This study was intended to estimate the reliability of using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to measure tongue space, which includes tongue volume and the oral cavity air capacity.

Methods

For this preliminary study, CBCT images from ten participants (five females and five males, mean age of 29.8 ± 3.3 years) were available for evaluation. Each participant was radiographed two times (T0 and T1). The average time between T0 and T1 was 15.8 ± 3.7 days. CBCT scans were standardized to reduce variability. Three-dimensional landmarks were established to identify tongue space and 3D image analysis software (SimPlant® 17 Pro; Materialise Dental, Leuven, Belgium) was used to measure the volume circumscribed by the landmarks. Two investigators independently calculated airway, tongue dimensions, and total tongue space for CBCT image T0 twice (day 1 and day 14), and T1 once. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to estimate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Bland–Altman charts were constructed to demonstrate agreement within and between raters.

Results

The intra-rater and inter-rater ICCs of the CBCT measurements at T0 were excellent (> 0.90). Measurements for T0 vs. T1 show good (0.75–0.90) intra-rater and excellent (> 0.90) inter-rater reliability. Bland–Altman charts show that 90–95% of the total measurements fall within the 95% limits of agreement for both intra- and inter-rater pairs

Conclusions

The results of this preliminary study suggest that the landmarks chosen to measure the overall tongue space are reproducible and can be measured clearly using CBCT.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Brent Jorgensen, Dr. Alan Kai, and Dr. Darshan Patel for providing assistance in the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 5835 East Still Circle, Mesa, AZ, 85206, USA

    Ivan A. Halim, Jae Hyun Park & Yazan Sharif Al Samawi

  2. Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

    Jae Hyun Park

  3. Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Eric J. W. Liou & Mohammad Zeinalddin

  4. Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, A. T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA

    R. Curtis Bay

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  1. Ivan A. Halim
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Contributions

Each author's contribution to the submission: IAH: contributed to leading the research; reviewing the literature prior to starting the research/manuscript; editing and finalizing the figure; presenting the research in the form of PowerPoint and poster presentation and receiving feedback to improve on the manuscript; writing, reviewing, editing the manuscript; working with all authors and including their input on the manuscript; JHP: contributed to supervising the research; coming with ideas to start and expand on the research; improving illustration, tables, figures; reviewing and editing the research as an author/editor; final approval of the manuscript; corresponding author; EJWL: contributed to expanding the research ideas; introducing a software that will help with the research/data collection; initial input and finalizing on landmarks for the study; reviewing and editing the manuscript as an author and editor; MZ: contributed to reviewing the literature prior to starting the research; data collection since he has the most experience with the software; initial input and finalizing on landmarks for the study; teaching the software to other authors especially Dr. Samawi; editing the paper; YSAS: contributed reviewing the literature prior to starting the research; one of the main people on data collection; finalizing on landmarks for the study; learning and teaching the software to all authors at Mesa, AZ; RCB: contributed to the IRB approval process; doing all the statistical analysis, and writing the statistical analysis for the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jae Hyun Park.

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Conflict of interest

Drs. Ivan A. Halim, Jae Hyun Park, Eric J. W. Liou, Mohammad Zeinalddin, Yazan Sharif Al Samawi and R. Curtis Bay declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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The original version of this article was revised: In the original publication of the article the fourth author name was incorrectly published. The correct name is given in this correction.

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Halim, I.A., Park, J.H., Liou, E.J.W. et al. Preliminary study: evaluating the reliability of CBCT images for tongue space measurements in the field of orthodontics. Oral Radiol 37, 256–266 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-020-00443-0

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