Abstract
Saponins are a large group of compounds, produced mostly by plants as a side product of their metabolic activity. These compounds have attracted much attention over the years mostly because of their surface activity and antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties. On the other hand, most of the hitherto research has concerned the action of saponins against microbial cells as a whole. Therefore, knowing the possible interaction of saponins with biomembrane, we decided to check in-vitro the influence of saponin-rich extract of Saponaria officinalis on spheroplasts of two Candida sp. The obtained results show that 10 mg L− 1 of extract increased the permeability of spheroplasts up to 21.76% relative to that of the control sample. Moreover, the evaluation of surface potential has revealed a decrease by almost 10 mV relative to that of the untreated samples. Such results suggest its direct correlation to integration of saponins into the biomembrane structure. The obtained results have proved the antifungal potential of saponins and their ability of permeabilization of cells. This proves the high potential of saponins use as additives to antifungal pharmaceutics, which is expected to lead to improvement of their action or reduction of required dosage.
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The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded in whole by National Science Centre, Poland, grant number: 2020/39/B/NZ9/03196.
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Adam Grzywaczyk: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Visualization. Wojciech Smułek: Formal analysis Writing – original draft, Supervision. Ewa Kaczorek: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
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Grzywaczyk, A., Smułek, W. & Kaczorek, E. Saponaria officinalis saponins as a factor increasing permeability of Candida yeasts’ biomembrane. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 152 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03961-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03961-9