Abstract
Sub-lethal levels of antibiotic stimulate bacteria to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promotes emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Nevertheless, the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on mobility of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in response to ROS-induced stress remains elusive. Thus, the study employs metagenomic assembly and binning approaches to decipher mobility potential and co-occurrence frequency of ARGs and MGEs under hyperoxic (5.5-7 mgL− 1), normoxic (2.5-4 mgL− 1), and hypoxic (0.5-1 mgL− 1) conditions in lab-scale bioreactor for 6 months. Among 163 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from 13 metagenomes, 42 MAGs harboured multiple ARGs and were assigned to priority pathogen group. Total ARG count increased by 4.3 and 2.5% in hyperoxic and normoxic, but decreased by 0.53% in hypoxic conditions after 150 days. On contrary, MGE count increased by 7.3–1.3% in all the DO levels, with only two ARGs showed positive correlation with MGEs in hypoxic compared to 20 ARGs under hyperoxic conditions. Opportunistic pathogens (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Clostridium, and Proteus) were detected as potential hosts of ARGs wherein co-localisation of critical ARG gene cassette (sul1, dfr1,adeF, and qacC) were identified in class 1 integron/Tn1 family transposons. Thus, enhanced co-occurrence frequency of ARGs with MGEs in pathogens suggested promotion of ARGs mobility under oxidative stress. The study offers valuable insights into ARG dissemination and hosts dynamics that is essential for controlling oxygen-related stress for mitigating MGEs and ARGs in the environment.
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Data availability
The sequences were deposited to National Library of Medicine (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject Accession Number PRNJ200984 and PRNJ200985.
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Sakina Bombaywala is grateful to DBT for the award of Senior Research Fellow for pursuing Ph.D. work. The authors would like to thank Director, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur for providing the support and facilities. The manuscript has been checked for plagiarism by Knowledge Resource Centre, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, India, and assigned KRC No: CSIR-NEERI/KRC/2023/OCT/EBGD/2.
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S.B contributed to writing the original draft. Methodology, Data curation, Visualization, and Softwares was performed by S.B. A.B and N.D contributed to the review and editing of the manuscript. Conceptualization, Investigation, and Resources were contributed by N.D. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Bombaywala, S., Bajaj, A. & Dafale, N.A. Oxygen mediated mobilization and co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance in lab-scale bioreactor using metagenomic binning. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 40, 142 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03952-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-03952-w