Abstract
The present study reveals a simple, non-toxic and eco-friendly method for the “green” synthesis of Ag-NPs using hydroponic and soil medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana extracts, the characterization of biosynthesized nanoparticles, as well as the evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed that biosynthesized Ag-NPs are in the nano-size range (50–100 nm) and have irregular morphology. Biogenic NPs demonstrate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli BW 25,113, Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790, and Staphylococcus aureus MDC 5233. The results showed a more pronounced antibacterial effect on E. coli growth rate, in comparison with Gram-positive bacteria, which is linked to the differences in the structure of bacterial cell wall. Moreover, the Ag-NPs not only suppressed the growth of bacteria but also changed the energy-dependent H+-fluxes across the bacterial membrane. The change of H+-fluxes in presence of H+-translocating systems inhibitor, N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), proves the effect of Ag-NPs on the structure and permeability of the bacterial membrane. Overall, our findings indicate that the Ag-NPs synthesized by medicinal plant Stevia extracts may be an excellent candidate as an alternative to antibiotics against the tested bacteria.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Science Committee of RA, in the frames of the research project № 21T-1F179 (to L.G.), and Basal support from Science Committee, Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport of RA. The authors acknowledge the use of the XBI biolab at European XFEL GmbH (Germany). The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Sci. Mikayel Babakhanyan and Dr. Lusya Hovhannisyan (Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems, NAS, Yerevan, Armenia) for supplied plant material.
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M.T. performed the experiments with the antibacterial activity of NPs and determination of H+-fluxes; A.A. prepared the Ag-NPs, participated in the experiments with NPs antibacterial activity and performed the data processing; R.S. provided characterization of Ag-NPs; A.A. and L.G. wrote the manuscript; K.T. was involved in the discussion of results, edited the manuscript; L.G. coordinated the research, designed the study, edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Timotina, M., Aghajanyan, A., Schubert, R. et al. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of Stevia rebaudiana and evaluation of antibacterial activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03393-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03393-3