Skip to main content
Log in

Quasi-Static Scheduling of CAL Actor Networks for Reconfigurable Video Coding

  • Published:
Journal of Signal Processing Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The upcoming Reconfigurable Video Coding (RVC) standard from MPEG (ISO / IEC SC29WG11) defines a library of coding tools to specify existing or new compressed video formats and decoders. The coding tool library has been written in a dataflow/actor-oriented language named CAL. Each coding tool (actor) can be represented with an extended finite state machine and the data communication between the tools are described as dataflow graphs. This paper proposes an approach to model the CAL actor network with Parameterized Synchronous Data Flow and to derive a quasi-static multiprocessor execution schedule for the system. In addition to proposing a scheduling approach for RVC, an extension to the well-known permutation flow shop scheduling problem that enables rapid run-time scheduling of RVC tasks, is introduced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lucarz, C., Mattavelli, M., Thomas-Kerr, J., & Janneck, J. W. (2007). Reconfigurable media coding: A new specification model for multimedia coders. In IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (pp. 481–486). Shanghai, China.

  2. Eker, J., & Janneck, J. W. (2003). CAL language report. UC Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB/ERL M03/48.

  3. Lee, E., & Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. (1998). A framework for comparing models of computation. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 17(12), 1217–1229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lucarz, C., Mattavelli, M., Wipliez, M., Roquier, G., Raulet, M., Janneck, J. W., et al. (2008). Dataflow/actor-oriented language for the design of complex signal processing systems. In Conference on design and architectures for signal and image processing (pp. 168–175). Bruxelles, Belgium.

  5. Girault, A., Lee, B., & Lee, E. A. (1999). Hierarchical finite state machines with multiple concurrency models. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 18, 742–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Thiele, L., Strehl, K., Ziegenbein, D., Ernst, R., & Teich, J. (1999). Funstate—an internal design representation for codesign. In IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (pp. 558–565). San Jose, California, USA.

  7. Buck, J., & Vaidyanathan, R. (2000). Heterogeneous modeling and simulation of embedded systems in El Greco. In Eighth international workshop on hardware/software codesign (pp. 142–146). San Diego, California, USA.

  8. Bhattacharya, B., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (2001). Parameterized dataflow modeling for DSP systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 49(10), 2408–2421.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Henniger, O., & Neumann, P. (1995). Test case generation based on formal specifications in Estelle. In IEEE international workshop on factory communication systems (pp.135–141). Leysin, Switzerland.

  10. Lee, E., & Messerschmitt, D. (1987). Synchronous data flow. Proceedings of the IEEE, 75(9), 1235–1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Boutellier, J., Sadhanala, V., Lucarz, C., Brisk, P., & Mattavelli, M. (2008). Scheduling of dataflow models within the reconfigurable video coding framework. In IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (pp. 182–187). Washington D.C., USA.

  12. von Platen, C., & Eker, J. (2008). Efficient realization of a CAL video decoder on a mobile terminal. In IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (pp. 176–181). Washington D.C., USA.

  13. Gu, R., Janneck, J. W., Raulet, M., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (2009). Exploiting statically schedulable regions in dataflow programs. In IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing. Taipei, Taiwan.

  14. sourceforge.net (2009). Open Dataflow Sourceforge project. http://opendf.sourceforge.net/.

  15. Janneck, J., Miller, I., Parlour, D., Roquier, G., Wipliez, M., & Raulet, M. (2008). Synthesizing hardware from dataflow programs: An MPEG-4 simple profile decoder case study. In IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (pp. 287–292).

  16. Wipliez, M., Roquier, G., Raulet, M., Nezan, J.-F., & Deforges, O. (2008). Code generation for the MPEG reconfigurable video coding framework: From CAL actions to C functions. In IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (pp. 1049–1052). Hannover, Germany.

  17. Bhattacharya, B., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (1999). Parameterized modeling and scheduling of dataflow graphs. Institute for advanced computer studies, University of Maryland at College Park, Tech. Rep. UMIACS-TR-99-73, December 1999, also Computer Science Technical Report CS-TR-4083.

  18. Ko, D.-I., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (2005). Dynamic configuration of dataflow graph topology for DSP system design. In IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing (Vol. 5, pp. 69–72).

  19. Sriram, S., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (2000). Embedded multiprocessors: Scheduling and synchronization. New York: Marcel Dekker.

    Google Scholar 

  20. French, S. (1982). Sequencing and scheduling: An introduction to the mathematics of the job-shop. Chichester: Ellis Horwood.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Boutellier, J., Bhattacharyya, S. S., & Silvén, O. (2009). A low-overhead scheduling methodology for fine-grained acceleration of signal processing systems. Journal of Signal Processing Systems. doi:10.1007/s11265-009-0366-z.

    Google Scholar 

  22. sourceforge.net (2009). JGraph Sourceforge project. http://sourceforge.net/projects/jgraph.

  23. sourceforge.net (2009). SDF4J Sourceforge project. http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdf4j.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has been partially funded by the Nokia Foundation, Finnish Graduate School for Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation, and the Tekes project ECUUS. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for comments that helped improving this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jani Boutellier.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Boutellier, J., Lucarz, C., Lafond, S. et al. Quasi-Static Scheduling of CAL Actor Networks for Reconfigurable Video Coding. J Sign Process Syst 63, 191–202 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-009-0389-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-009-0389-5

Keywords

Navigation