Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are located in both healthy and neoplastic tissues. The type of estrogen receptor expressed varies depending on its location, tumor type, and species. Estrogen action is mediated by binding to ER and activating the transcriptional and signaling processes that result in the control of gene expression. There are two main types of estrogen receptors: ER alpha (ERα) and ER beta (ERβ). Both receptors are functionally different, they may act antagonistically and are distributed in different tissues but their structure is similar – as they are composed of 5 different domains: A/B, C, D, E, and F. The signaling pathway and hence regulation of the gene expression by ERs is a complex and multifactorial process that involves both genomic and nongenomic actions. In the human reproductive tract, both ERα and β are present, with predominant expression of ERβ, while there are no satisfactory data distinguishing the type of ERs expressed in the canine reproductive tract. In mammary gland neoplasia, a decreased or lacking ERα expression in humans is associated with a poorer prognosis. This is similar to dogs, where higher ERα expression intensity was noted in benign tumors than in carcinomas. In human hematopoietic malignancies, ERβ is a predominant receptor. Selective and non-selective ERβ agonists have an antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on human lymphoma cell lines and may be effective in the therapy of ERβ positive lymphomas and leukemias. In canine lymphoma tissues, none or only marginal expression of ERs was detected over the decades. Considering available data, we conducted preliminary studies proving that, in contrast to humans, the dominant ER expressed in canine hematopoietic tumors is ERα.
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This work was supported by “UPWr 2.0: International and interdisciplinary development programme” for Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences”, co-financed by the European Social Fund under the Operational Program Knowledge Education Development, under contract No. POWR.03.05.00-00-Z062 / 18 of June 4, 2019.
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A.P. & K.BS. conceived an idea of presented manuscript. K.BS. wrote the main manuscript. prepared figures and tables.A.P. & C.A. suggested literature to review and reviewed the manuscript All authors discussed the results of reviewed literature and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Bugiel-Stabla, K., Agnoli, C. & Pawlak, A. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta expression in different canine cancer types with an emphasis on hematopoietic malignancies. Vet Res Commun (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10368-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10368-2