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Lactation traits and reproductive performances of Sahraoui female camel in two breeding systems at Algerian Sahara

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Abstract

The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the camel livestock system on individual and herd performances of milk production, lactation curve, fats, and protein concentrations. For this purpose, 13 she-camels of Sahraoui breed from the south eastern Algeria and belonging and semi-intensive system (N = 6) and intensive system (N = 7) were studied. Recording and sampling of milk were carried out at regular intervals during a full lactation. The lactation curve was estimated using Wood’s gamma function and the t-test of independent groups was carried out to compare lactation performances, lactation curve, and reproductive parameters. The overall average daily milk (DMY), fat (DFY), and protein (DPY) yield were 6.77 ± 0.82 kg/day, 4.15 ± 0.91%, and 4.49 ± 0.20%, respectively. The mean of total milk yield (TMY) was 2696.39 ± 343.86 kg during a mean lactation length (LL) of 398.38 ± 20.65 days. The peak of milk production (6.79 ± 0.68 kg) was reached at 93.9 ± 55.8 days after calving. The open day (DO) and inter-calving interval (ICI) recorded in this study were 348.38 ± 30.33 and 723.38 ± 30.33 days, respectively. There is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between intensive and semi-intensive breeding systems for TMY (2795.39 ± 261.88 kg vs. 2580.89 ± 414.43 kg), DMY (6.96 ± 0.66 kg vs. 6.55 ± 1.00 kg), and LL (402.14 ± 21.18 days vs. 394 ± 21.03 days). However, the total amount of fat was significantly higher in intensive system (182.02 ± 33.91 kg) and the DPY content was significantly higher in semi-intensive system (4.60 ± 0.13%). The parameters α, β, and γ of lactation, fat, and protein curves between the two systems showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) for the parameters (α and β) for the milk production curve, significant (p < 0.05) for the time to reach peak yield, and no significance for the other parameters. The corresponding values of the coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.62, 0.35 for milk yield (p > 0.05), 0.12, 0.13 (p > 0.05) for fat, and 0.03, 0.11 (p < 0.05) for protein, in the intensive and semi-intensive systems, respectively. In addition, DO and ICI were not significantly different between the livestock systems, but were higher in the intensive system than the semi-intensive system (337.17 ± 26.26 vs. 712.17 ± 26.26, respectively). The study concluded that the intensive system had a higher milk performance with a more efficient lactation curve. The incomplete gamma model (Wood) used in this study was inappropriate for estimating milk yield, but acceptable for fat and protein.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the private dairy camel owners for making the animals available for the study.

Funding

This research was supported by University Training Research Project (PRFU2022): Assisted reproduction technologies and improvement of the reproductive performance of the camel (Camelus dromedarius): D04N02UN410120230001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Diversity of Ecosystems and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), University of Biskra, BP 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria

    Moussa Chergui & Mohamed Titaouine

  2. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Animal Production and Health (PABIOS), Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Souk Ahras, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria

    Djalel Eddine Gherissi

  3. Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio Resources (LGBVB), University of Biskra, PB 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria

    Mohamed Titaouine

  4. Applied Geneticin Agriculture, Ecology and Public Health (GenApAgiE), Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

    Zoubeyda Kaouadji & Semir Bechir Suheil Gaouar

  5. Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, BP 89, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria

    Zoubeyda Kaouadji

  6. National Institute of Agricultural Research of Algeria (INRAA), Algiers, Algeria

    Derradji Harek

  7. Laboratory of the Promotion of Innovation in Agriculture in Arid Regions (PIARA), University of Biskra, BP 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria

    Sassi Koutti

  8. Phoeniciculture Studies Research Laboratory (Phoenix), University of Ouargla, 1 Novembre 1954, 30001, Ouargla, Algeria

    Haroun Boumaraf

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Contributions

G.D.E. and T.M. conceived and designed the study; CM performed and analyzed the data; K.S and B.H helped shape the research; C.M. G.D.E., T.M, B.F.Z., and M.I. wrote and corrected the paper; G.D.E, TM, and G.S.B.S. critical review of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Djalel Eddine Gherissi.

Ethics declarations

The camels were studied according to the ethical principles of animal experimentation and international guidelines for animal welfare (Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2018, Sect. 7. Art 7.5.1) and national executive decree No. 95–363 of November 11, 1995 (Algeria).

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Chergui, M., Gherissi, D.E., Titaouine, M. et al. Lactation traits and reproductive performances of Sahraoui female camel in two breeding systems at Algerian Sahara. Trop Anim Health Prod 56, 70 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-03902-6

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