Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Understanding the dairy production systems in rural settlements in the Brazilian semi-arid region: characterization, typology, and holistic perception

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize and typify dairy farms and to evaluate society’s perception of dairy production in rural settlements in the Brazilian semi-arid region. A questionnaire containing questions related to socioeconomic, livestock, physical, herd management, and production indicators was applied to 17 milk farmers for typological analysis. A second questionnaire was subsequently applied to the same 17 farmers for the holistic perception of dairy farming in rural settlements, in addition to 47 technicians in the area of animal science and 140 laypeople. Milk samples were collected in the settlement’s community cooling tank, while the water used for milking management was collected in the milking parlor at the 17 farms. Multivariate analysis techniques and thematic analysis were performed. Three dairy production systems were identified: low production group (0–25 L), medium production group (25–50 L), and high production group (50–100 L). The physicochemical properties (composition, density, and cryoscopy) of milk attended the Brazilian regulation values. The microbiological parameters of milk and water used for milking are at odds with regulations. Regarding the typology, the indicators, livestock, and productivity showed discriminatory power (P < 0.05) between the productive systems. The responses from the segments of society showed different views on dairy production in rural settlements. It is concluded that the dairy farmers have low education and the cleaning product and water used in milking are out of regulation. The livestock and production indicators typified mainly dairy farms, while the holistic perception showed a lack of efficiency in rural extension, ignorance of the potential of the productive system. Finally, the creation of public policies focusing on the development of the milk production system in settlements is recommended.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data will be made available on request.

Abbreviations

AM :

Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms

CCC :

Correctly classified cases

CDA :

Canonical discriminant analysis

CFU :

Colony-forming unit

DDE :

Defatted dry extract

EC :

Escherichia coli

FAP :

Food acquisition program

HPG :

High production group

INCRA:

National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform

LPG :

Low production group

MPG :

Medium production group

MPN :

Most probable number

MPU :

Milk production unit

PCA :

Plate count agar

SLED :

Secretariat of Labor and Economic Development

TB C :

Total bacterial count

TC :

Total coliforms

TTC :

Thermotolerant coliforms

UVA :

State University of Valley Acaraú

References

  • Amenu K, Wieland B, Szonyi B, Grace D (2019). Milk handling practices and consumption behavior among Borana pastoralists in southern Ethiopia. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 38 (6): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-019-0163-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvares A, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, Gonçalves, JLM, Sparovek, G (2013). Koppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol Z. 22: 711-728. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldisera RS, Dallacort R, Seabra Júnior S, Carvalho MAC, Yamashita OM (2018). Perfil socioeconômico dos produtores (PNAE e PAA) em Castanheira-MT, Sudoeste da Amazônia legal. Campo território. 12(29): 131-161. https://doi.org/10.14393/RCT132906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bánkuti FI, Prizon RC, Damasceno JC, Brito MM, Pozza MSS, Lima PGL (2020). Farmers’ actions toward sustainability: A typology of dairy farms according to sustainability indicators. Animal, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731120000750

  • Blodgett R. Most Probable Number from Serial Dilutions (2003). In us Foodand Drug Administration (FDA), Bacteriological Analytical Manual Online.

  • Boukhechem S, Mimoune N, Ghozlane MK, Moula N, Kaidi R (2019). Status, characterization and typology of dairy cattle farms in Northern Algeria. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine. 76 (2): 191- 200. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BRASIL (2018). Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instrução Normativa n° 76 de 26 de novembro de 2018. Regulamento técnico que fixam a identidade e as características de qualidade que devem apresentar o leite cru refrigerado, o leite pasteurizado e o leite tipo A. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 30 nov. 2018. Seção 1, p.9.

  • BRASIL (2017). Ministério da Saúde. Portaria de Consolidação n° 5, de 28 de setembro de 2017. Consolidação das normas sobre as ações e os serviços de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde Gabinete do Ministro. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, de 28 set. 2017. Seção l, p. 434.

  • Camargo, AC (2017). Guia prático sobre produção de leite: manejo do rebanho e índices zootécnicos. Rio de Janeiro. FAERJ-SENAR. 2: 116p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso CS, Von Keyserlingk MAG e Hötzel MJ (2019). Views of dairy farmers, agricultural advisors, and lay citiziens on the ideal dairy farm. J. Dairy Sci. 102: 1-11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castro, M. S. M., de Vasconcelos, A. M., Fontenelle, R. O. dos S., Julião, M. S. da S., Soares, A. T. L., da Silva, L. C., de Sousa, F. J. S., & Silveira, R. M. F. (2019). Water quality of small ruminant production systems in the Brazilian semiarid region. Biological Rhythm Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1608731

  • Cirino JF, Libânio CLS (2020). Avaliação de impacto do programa de aquisição de alimentos modalidade doação simultânea em Ponte Nova - MG. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural. 58 (2), e195705. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2020.195705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craco JJ, Laforga G, Tarsitano RA, Rambo JR (2014). Caracterização de produtores e da pecuária leiteira em Nova Xavantina- MT. Retratos de Assentamentos. 17(2):257-278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortez-Arriola J, Rossing WAH, Massiotti RDA, Scholberg JMS, Groot JCJ, Tittonell P (2015). Leverages for on-farm innovation from farm typologies? An illustration for family-based dairy farms in north-west Michoacán, Mexico. Agricultural Systems. 135 : 66-76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Gaona C, Sánchez-Rodríguez M, Rucabado-Palomar T, Rodriguez-Estévez V (2019). A typological characterization of organic livestock farms in the natural park sierra de Grazalema based on technical and economic variables. Sustainability. 11: 6002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabbi AM, McManus CM, Silva AV, Marques LT, Zanela MB, Strumpf MP, Fischer V (2013). Tipology and physical-chemical characterization of bovine milk produced with diferente productions strategies. Agricultural Systems. 121: 130-134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galvão Júnior JGB, Rangel AHN, Guilhermino MM, Novaes LP, Medeiros HR (2015). Perfil dos sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Seridó potiguar. Holos. 2 (31): 130- 141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelasakis AI, Rose G, Giannakou R, Valergakis GE, Theodoridis A, Fortomaris P, Arsenos G (2017). Typology and characteristics of dairy goat production systems in Greece. Livestock Science. 197: 22-29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelasakis AI, Valergakis GE, Arsenos G, Banos G (2012). Description and tipology of intensive Chios dairy sheep farms in Greece. J. Dairy Sci. 95: 3070-3079. DOI/ https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4975

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes AS, Gomes CRA (2020). Classificação dos Tipos de Pesquisa em Informática na Educação. In: Metodologia de Pesquisa Científica em Informática na Educação: Concepção de Pesquisa. Porto Alegre: SBC. v.1. Disponível em: https://metodologia.ceie-br.org/livro-1/

  • Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária- INCRA (2017). Assentamentos. Disponível em: <http://painel.incra.gov.br/sistemas/>. (Acesso em 01 jul 2020).

  • Köbrich C, Rehman T, Khan M (2003). Typification of farming systems for constructing representative farm models: Two illustrations of the application of multivariate analyses in Chile and Pakistan. Agric. Syst. 76: 141–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM,Winn WC,Procop Gary W (2008). Diagnóstico Microbiológico: texto e atlas colorido. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro; Guanabara Koogan. 1760 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuivanen, K.S., Alvarez, S., Michalscheck, M., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Descheemaeker, K., Mellon-Bedi, S., Groot, J.C.J., (2016). Characterising the diversity of smallholder farming systems and their constraints and opportunities for innovation: a case study from the Northern Region, Ghana. NJAS - Wagening. J. Life Sci. 78, 153–166. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.04.003

  • Kuwahara KC, Damasceno JC, Bánkuti FI, Prizon RC, Rossoni DF, Eckstein II (2018). Sustainability and typology of dairy production systems. Semina. 39 (5): 2081-2092. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modenese VS, Sant’ Ana AL (2019). Diversificação produtiva e de comercialização de agricultores familiares assentados de Mirandópolis (SP): Contribuições do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos. Rev. Econ. Sociol. Rural. 57 (4): 636-655. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2019.185555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira FB (2019). Cooperativas agrícolas nos assentamentos rurais: o caso do município de Nova Andradina/MS. Revista Eletrônica da Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros. (29): 92-112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neves ALA, Pereira LGR, Santos RD, Araújo GGL, Carneiro AV, Moraes AS, Spaniol CMO, Aragão ASL (2011). Caracterização dos produtores e dos sistemas de produção de leite no perímetro irrigado de Petrolina/PE. Revista brasileira de saúde e produção animal. 12 (1): 209-223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira JR, Almeida Júnior GA, Lopes MA, Vieira JA, Pereira AB (2018). Caracterização do sistema de produção em propriedades leiteiras de economia familiar em Presidente Olegário-MG:Fase Recria de fêmeas. Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE). 12 (2):126–135. 10.26605

  • Picoli T, Zani JL, Peter CM, Roll VFB, Ribeiro MER, Vargas GA, Hübner SO, Lima M, Fischer G (2015). Milk production characteristics in Southern Brazil. Semina. 36 (3): 1991-1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pires MAS, Almeida Júnior GA, Lopes MA (2018). Diagnóstico em propriedades leiteiras de economia familiar em Tabuleiro-MG. Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE). 12 (3 ):222- 231. 10.26605

  • Ramires CH, Berger EL, Almeida R. (2009) Influência da qualidade microbiológica da água sobre a qualidade do leite. Arch. Vet. Sci. 14:36-42. https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v14i1.12913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reis CVS, Moreira TBS, Vilpoux OF (2018). Fatores que afetam a eficiência técnica de produção em assentamentos rurais: fronteira estocástica e two-limit tobit. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural. 56 (3): 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1590/1234-56781806-94790560303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro Júnior JC, Tamanini R, Silva LCC, Beloti V (2015). Quality of milk produced by small and large dairy producers. Semina. 36 (2) : 883-888. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n2p883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangalli AR, Schlindwein MM, Camilo LR (2014). Produção e geração de renda na agricultura familiar: um diagnóstico do assentamento rural Lagoa Grande em Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Ciência e Natura. 36 (2):180-192. https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X11064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos MVF, Lira MA, Dubeux Junior JCB, Guim A, Mello ACL, Cunha MV (2010). Potential of Caatinga forage plants in ruminant feeding. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 39: 204-215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva CG, Alessio DRM, Knob DA, D’ Ovidio L, Thaler Neto A (2018). Influência da sanitização da água e das práticas de ordenha na qualidade do leite. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 70 (2): 615-622. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silveira, R.M.F, Vasconcelos, A. M., Silva, J. V. da, Vega, W. H. O, Toro-Mujica, P, Ferreira, J. (2021a). Typification, characterization and differentiation of sheep production systems in the Brazilian semiarid region. NJAS - Impact in Agricultural and Life Sciences (93) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/27685241.2021.1956220

  • Surveygizmo. Using Word Clouds To Present Your Qualitative Data. Sandy McKee (2012). Acessível em https://www.surveygizmo.com/survey-blog/what-you-need-to-know-when-using-word-clouds-to-present-your-qualitative-data. Acessado em 08 de junho de 2020.

  • Silveira, R.M.F.; Ferreira, J.; Busanello, M.; Vasconcelos, A.M; Jannuzzi Valente, F.L.; Façanha, D.A.E., (2021b). Relationship between thermal environment and morphophysiological, performance and carcass traits of Brahman bulls raised on tropical pasture: A canonical approach to a set of indicators. Journal of Thermal Biology, 96. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102814

  • Vasconcelos AM, Farias DA, Gomes TCL, Landim AV, Silveira RMF, Martins TP (2018). Characterize of productions systems and milk quality of production units in the semiarid region of Ceará. Ciência Animal Brasileira. 19: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v19e-52844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos, A.A.; de Albuquerque, C.C.; de Carvalho, J.F.; Façanha, D.A.E.; Lima, F.R.G.; Silveira, R.M.F.; Ferreira, J., (2020a). Adaptive profile of dairy cows in a tropical region. Int. J. Biometerol., DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01797-9.

  • Vasconcelos, A.A.; Albuquerque, C.C.; Carvalho, J.F, J.F de Façanha DAE, Lima, F. R. L., Silveira R.M.F., Ferreira J.B., (2020b). Development of an animal adaptability index: Application for dairy cows. J. Therm. Biol. 89: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102543

  • Vasconcelos JMC, Schlindwein MN (2018). Caracterização da pecuária leiteira do município de Muriaé/MG: Um estudo dos produtores familiares. Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável. 8 (4): 36-48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vieira AO, Laforga G. e Madeiros LB (2010). Modelos de extensão rural no Brasil e a Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural. PUBVET. 4 (19): Art. 842.

  • Yunes MC, Keyserlingk MAGV, Hötzel MJ (2017). Brazilian citizens’ opinions and attitudes about farm animal production systems. Animals. 7.75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7100075

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

To the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the City of Sobral, CE, in particular Secretary Luiza Lúcia da Silva Barreto and the rural producers.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Maria Samires Martins Castro, Delano de Sousa Oliveira, Ana Paula Araújo do Nascimento & Angela Maria de Vasconcelos

  2. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Maria Samires Martins Castro

  3. Department of Biology, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle, Leonardo Costa da Silva & Ana Thaís Lira Soares

  4. Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira

  5. Department of Veterinary Science, UNINTA University Center, Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Wilder Hernando Ortiz Vega

Authors
  1. Maria Samires Martins Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Delano de Sousa Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ana Paula Araújo do Nascimento
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wilder Hernando Ortiz Vega
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Leonardo Costa da Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ana Thaís Lira Soares
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Angela Maria de Vasconcelos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization: Angela Maria de Vasconcelos, Delano de Sousa Oliveira, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira; methodology: Maria Samires Martins Castro, Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, Wilder Hernando Ortiz Vega, Leonardo Costa da Silva, Ana Thais Lira Soares, Ana Paula Araújo do Nascimento, Delano de Sousa Oliveira; statistical analysis: Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, Wilder Hernando Ortiz Vega; writing—preparing the original draft: Maria Samires Martins Castro; writing—review and editing; Angela Maria de Vasconcelos, Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira, Wilder Hernando Ortiz Vega; supervision: Angela Maria de Vasconcelos.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Maria Samires Martins Castro or Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Ethics and Animal Use Committee of the State University of Valley Acaraú (UVA), Ceará, Brazil (Protocol No. 004.07.019, UVA 504.05).

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to publish

The authors state that all human participants in the research provided consent for the publication of the data.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Castro, M.S.M., de Sousa Oliveira, D., dos Santos Fontenelle, R.O. et al. Understanding the dairy production systems in rural settlements in the Brazilian semi-arid region: characterization, typology, and holistic perception. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 417 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02840-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02840-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation