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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modeling for small cell networks in 5G communication environment

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Abstract

The small cell structure in which many cells are arranged per unit area by reducing the size of cells is a candidate technology for an increase in transmission capacity in the 5G environment. However, the decrease in the size of the cell led to additional problems such as increased inter cell interference and frequent cell changes owing to the movement of the terminal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose small cell dynamic channel allocation (SDCA) and hybrid and dynamic channel allocation (HDCA) using conventional reuse methods to improve the macro cell performance while efficiently utilizing scarce frequency resources. The proposed method facilitates an improved performance that is lacking for macro-cell users in the center area of the cell boundary for the network where conventional macro cells and small cells are superposed. Furthermore, to improve the performance, it can provide resources that are lacking in the small cells of the center. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method was compared to frequency reuse factor1 (FRF1), frequency reuse factor3 (FRF3), and fractional frequency reuse (FFR) methods in terms of the signal-to-interference/noise-ratio (SINR) of users of each macro cell and small cell, outage, capacity for each user, and total system capacity. As a result of comparing the SINR, it was confirmed that the performance of the macro cell users has improved by an average of 43.88% compared to FRF1, FRF3, and FFR, and the performance of small cell users has improved by an average of 4.31%. Comparison results show that the outage proportions of the macro and small cell users are 61.29% and 70.59% lower on average, respectively. A comparison of results show that the capacities of the macro and small cell users have also improved by 22.5% and 14.5% on average, respectively. As the comparison results of the total system capacity indicate, the proposed method shows an average improvement of 11.67%. In cases in which the added resources of the small cells are found to be unnecessary based on the results of the performance evaluation, there is an advantage in that they can be reduced to improve the performance of macro cell users, or they can be used to fill the insufficient resources of the small cells while maintaining the performance of the macro cell users. This fluidity originates from the ability to address occasional situations in a dense environment. These two approaches are expected to be used effectively in 5G network environments.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2020R1A6A1A12047945). This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIT) (Nos. 2018R1D1A1B07040679, 2019R1F1A1041186). This work has received funding from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT under the project SPET—PTDC/EEI-EEE/029165/2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Program of Excellence in Software Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

    Tae-Yeun Kim

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India

    A. K. Singh

  3. Research Institute of Computer, Information Communications, Chungbuk National University, E8-7, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-ku, Cheongju-si, 28644, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea

    Hoon Ko

  4. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, Porto, 4249-015, Portugal

    Hoon Ko

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Kim, TY., Singh, A.K. & Ko, H. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modeling for small cell networks in 5G communication environment. Telecommun Syst 80, 189–214 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-022-00891-5

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