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Invasion, dispersion and hybridization of fish associated to river transposition: karyotypic evidence in Astyanax “bimaculatus group” (Characiformes: Characidae)

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Abstract

The Astyanax species of the bimaculatus group include morphologically similar representatives that share the same color pattern, corresponding to at least 20 species. Specimens from the São Francisco River basin and from the Grande River (Upper Paraná basin) are included in this group. In the early 1960’s, the Piumhi River, an original tributary of the Grande River, was transposed to the São Francisco River basin due to the construction of the Furnas Hydroelectric Power, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this context, we characterized representatives of the bimaculatus group from both basins and from the transposition region of the Piumhi River, using chromosome characteristics obtained by conventional analyzes and fluorescence in situ hybridization with rDNA probes. All the analyzed specimens presented 2n = 50 chromosomes and similar localization of the nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NORs), 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA sites. However, diagnostic chromosome differences were detected concerning the number of submetacentric and acrocentric chromosomes in the karyotypes, making possible the characterization of five distinct karyotypes (Cytotypes A–E), where the specimens from the São Francisco and from the Grande River correspond to Cytotypes A and B, respectively. In addition, these two Cytotypes were sympatrically found in the Piumhi River with specimens carrying a clear intermediate karyotype (Cytotype C), as well as with others harboring different karyotypes (Cytotypes D and E). Our data indicate that Cytotypes A and B probably diverged from each other during the prior geographic isolation. However, despite their chromosomal differentiations, they still maintain a close relationship which allows interbreeding and the formation of a secondary hybrid zone, due to the breakdown of the geographic isolation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank to Luis Henrique da Silva and Pedro Luis Gallo for the help in the fish collections; to the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA—License number 10538-1) and Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF/MG) for the collection’ authorizations. This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—FAPESP (Proc. 05/58630-3) and by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tenoclógico—CNPq, through research projects granted to OMF, LACB and PAB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis-IBAMA, Rua Barra do Garças, 207, Canarana, MT, 78640-000, Brazil

    Wellington Adriano Moreira Peres

  2. Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil

    Paulo Andreas Buckup

  3. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade—ICMBio, Estação Ecológica de Taiamã, Av. Getúlio Vagas s/n, Cáceres, MT, 78200-000, Brazil

    Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek

  4. Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo, Daniel Rodrigues Blanco & Orlando Moreira-Filho

Authors
  1. Wellington Adriano Moreira Peres
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  2. Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
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  3. Paulo Andreas Buckup
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  4. Daniel Rodrigues Blanco
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  5. Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek
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  6. Orlando Moreira-Filho
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Correspondence to Orlando Moreira-Filho.

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Peres, W.A.M., Bertollo, L.A.C., Buckup, P.A. et al. Invasion, dispersion and hybridization of fish associated to river transposition: karyotypic evidence in Astyanax “bimaculatus group” (Characiformes: Characidae). Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 22, 519–526 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-011-9246-2

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