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Dynamic changes of views on the brain changes of Cushing’s syndrome using different computer-assisted tool

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Abstract

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) provides a unique model for assessing the neurotoxic effect of chronic hypercortisolism on human brains. With the ongoing development of different computer-assisted tools, four research stages emerged, each with its own pearls and pitfalls. This review summarizes current knowledge and describes the dynamic changes of views on the brain changes of CS, especially in the current era of the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data. The adverse effects of GC on brain are proven to be on structural, functional and cellular levels at the same time.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M650567), and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC2002304 and 2018YFC2002300, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China). The funders had no role in the data collection or analysis, writing of the report, or decision to publish.

Funding

This study was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M650567), and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC2002304 and 2018YFC2002300, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China). The funders had no role in the data collection or analysis, writing of the report, or decision to publish.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    Lu Gao, Zihao Wang, Xiaopeng Guo & Bing Xing

  2. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China

    Lu Gao & Bing Xing

  3. China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing, China

    Lu Gao, Zihao Wang, Xiaopeng Guo & Bing Xing

  4. Department of Senior Officials Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

    Lu Liu

  5. Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Lin Shi

  6. BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, China

    Lin Shi & Yishan Luo

Authors
  1. Lu Gao
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  2. Lu Liu
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  3. Lin Shi
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  4. Yishan Luo
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  5. Zihao Wang
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  6. Xiaopeng Guo
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  7. Bing Xing
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Contributions

Lu Gao and Bing Xing had the idea for the article. Zihao Wang and Xiaopeng Guo performed the literature search. Lu Gao, Lu Liu and Yishan Luo drafted the manuscript. Lin Shi, Yishan Luo and Lu Liu prepared the figures. Lin Shi and Bing Xing did critical revision and editing of the work.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Lu Gao or Bing Xing.

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Conflict of interest

Lin Shi is the director of BrainNow Medical Technology Limited. Yishan Luo is an employee of BrainNow Medical Technology Limited. All other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

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Lu Gao and Lu Liu are Joint first authors

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Gao, L., Liu, L., Shi, L. et al. Dynamic changes of views on the brain changes of Cushing’s syndrome using different computer-assisted tool. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21, 185–200 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09540-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09540-1

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