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Does social participation accelerate psychological adaptation to health shocks? Evidence from a national longitudinal survey in Japan

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Abstract

Purpose

It is well-known that people psychologically adapt to health shocks over time and social participation (SP) has a favourable impact on health. Combining these two understandings, the current study addresses how psychological adaptation to major health shocks was affected by SP experience one year prior to the initial diagnosis.

Methods

Data were collected from a twelve-wave nationwide panel survey conducted from 2005 to 2016, starting with 34,240 individuals aged 50–59 years. Individuals who were initially diagnosed with cancer, stroke, heart disease or diabetes at any time between the second and twelfth waves and kept diagnosed as such were focused on. Random-effects models were estimated to examine how baseline SP prior to the diagnosis affected the pace of change in psychological distress, which was measured using Kessler 6 (K6) scores (range 0–24; M 3.3 SD 4.2), following immediate responses to the initial diagnosis.

Results

Baseline SP enabled or accelerated psychological adaptation to major health shocks. It is noted that the pace of decline of the K6 score per year after the immediate responses was 0.20 for cancer and 0.09 for diabetes (both p < 0.001) among men with baseline SP, in contrast with non-significant and limited changes among those without it. While the results for women were more mixed than those for men, the former results confirmed favourable impacts of baseline SP on psychological adaptation to health shocks in general.

Conclusions

The results highlight a favourable impact of SP on psychological adaptation to health shocks.

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Fig. 1

Note The differences in the immediate change in K6 score at the initial diagnosis (year 0) reflect the estimated value of β3. The subsequent changes per year in K6 score were projected based on estimated values of β1 (for Non-SP) and β1 + β2 (for SP). The mean of the predicted immediate change in K6 score for those without SP was used as a benchmark for comparison, and all variables other than the years that had elapsed since initial diagnosis were assumed to be unchanged

Fig. 2

Note See note to Fig. 1

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Funding

This study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant Numbers 17H00991, 18K01657, and 18K19699).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8603, Japan

    Takashi Oshio

  2. School of Economics, University of Hyogo, 8-2-1 Gakuen-Nishi-machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2197, Japan

    Mari Kan

Authors
  1. Takashi Oshio
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  2. Mari Kan
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Correspondence to Takashi Oshio.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Oshio, T., Kan, M. Does social participation accelerate psychological adaptation to health shocks? Evidence from a national longitudinal survey in Japan. Qual Life Res 28, 2125–2133 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02142-8

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