Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spatial variation of soil respiration is linked to the forest structure and soil parameters in an old-growth mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in northeastern China

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aims

The aim of this study was to quantify and understand the driving factors of the spatial variation of soil respiration (R S) in an old-growth mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in northeastern China.

Methods

All woody stems ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in the 9 ha plot. Simultaneous measurements of R S, soil temperature (T S) and soil water content (W S) were conducted for 256 sampling points on a regular 20-m grid refined with 512 additional sampling points randomly placed within each of the 20-m blocks in May, July and September of 2014.

Results

The variogram analyses revealed 87–91 % of the sample variance was explained by autocorrelation over a range of 15 to 23 m during the observation periods. The R S were highly correlated among the measurements made in May, July and September. The model indicated that the W S, bulk density (BD) and maximum DBH for trees within 3 m (radius) of the measurement collars explained 46 % of the spatial variation in R S seasonally averaged across three observations.

Conclusions

The spatial patterns of R S remained constant across the three measurement campaigns. The spatial variation in R S was primarily controlled by the W S and forest stand structure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barba J, Yuste JC, Martínez-Vilalta J, Lloret F (2013) Drought-induced tree species replacement is reflected in the spatial variability of soil respiration in a mixed Mediterranean forest. For Ecol Manag 306:79–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond-Lamberty B, Wang CK, Gower ST (2004) A global relationship between the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration? Glob Chang Biol 10(10):1756–1766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bréchet L, Ponton S, Alméras T, Bonal D, Epron D (2011) Does spatial distribution of tree size account for spatial variation in soil respiration in a tropical forest? Plant Soil 347:293–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright J, Hui DF (2015) Soil respiration patterns and controls in limestone cedar glades. Plant Soil 389:157–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CT, Sabaté S, Sperlich D, Poblador S, Sabater F, Gracia C (2014) Does soil moisture overrule temperature dependency of soil respiration in mediterranean riparian forests? Biogeosci Discuss 11:7991–8022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EA, Janssens IA, Luo YQ (2006) On the variability of respiration in terrestrial ecosystems: moving beyond Q 10. Glob Chang Biol 12:54–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Dore S, Fry DL, Stephens SL (2014) Spatial heterogeneity of soil CO2 efflux after harvest and prescribed fire in a California mixed conifer forest. For Ecol Manag 319:150–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escolar C, Maestre FT, Rey A (2015) Biocrusts modulate warming and rainfall exclusion effects on soil respiration in a semi-arid grassland. Soil Biol Biochem 80:9–17

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferré C, Castrignanò A, Comolli R (2015) Assessment of multi-scale soil-plant interactions in a poplar plantation using geostatistical data fusion techniques: relationships to soil respiration. Plant Soil 390:95–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbst M, Prolingheuer N, Graf A, Huisman JA, Weihermüller L, Vanderborght J (2009) Characterisation and understanding of bare soil respiration spatial variability at plot scale. Vadose Zone J 8:762–771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudiburg T, Law B, Turner DP, Campbell J, Donato D, Duane M (2009) Carbon dynamics of Oregon and northern California forests and potential land-based carbon storage. Ecol Appl 19:163–180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama A, Kume T, Komatsu H, Ohashi M, Nakagawa M, Yamashita M, Otsuki K, Kumagai T (2009) Effect of forest structure on the spatial variation in soil respiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest. Agric For Meteorol 149:1666–1673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuzyakov Y, Gavrichkova O (2010) Time lag between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide efflux from soil: a review of mechanisms and controls. Glob Chang Biol 16:3386–3406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laik R, Kumar K, Das DK, Chaturvedi OP (2009) Labile soil organic matter pools in a calciorthent after 18 years of afforestation by different plantations. Appl Soil Ecol 42:71–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis SL, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Sonké B, et al. (2009) Increasing carbon storage in intact African tropical forests. Nature 457:1003–1007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz K, Lal R (2010) Carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Luan JW, Liu SR, Zhu XL, Wang JX, Liu K (2012) Roles of biotic and abiotic variables in determining spatial variation of soil respiration in secondary oak and planted pine forests. Soil Biol Biochem 44:143–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luyssaert S, Schulze ED, Börner A, Knohl A, Hessenmöller D, Law BE, Ciais P, Grace J (2008) Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature 455:213–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JG, Bolstad PV (2009) Variation of soil respiration at three spatial scales: components within measurements, intra-site variation and patterns on the landscape. Soil Biol Biochem 41:530–543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moyano FE, Manzoni S, Chenu C (2013) Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to moisture availability: an exploration of processes and models. Soil Biol Biochem 59:72–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ngao J, Epron D, Delpierre N, Bréda N, Granier A, Longdoz B (2012) Spatial variability of soil CO2 efflux linked to soil parameters and ecosystem characteristics in a temperate beech forest. Agric For Meteorol 154–155:136–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odum EP (1969) The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164:262–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohashi M, Kume T, Yoshifuji N, Kho LK, Nakagawa M, Nakashizuka T (2015) The effects of an induced short-term drought period on the spatial variations in soil respiration measured around emergent trees in a typical Bornean tropical forest, Malaysia. Plant Soil 387:337–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prolingheuer N, Scharnagl B, Graf A, Vereecken H, Herbst M (2014) On the spatial variation of soil rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration in a winter wheat stand. Agric For Meteorol 195:24–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson GP, Gross KL (1994) Assessing the heterogeneity of below ground resources: quantifying pattern and scale. In: Caldwell MM, Pearcy RW (eds) Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants: ecophysiological processes above-and belowground. Academic Press, New York, pp. 237–252

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson GP, Crum JR, Ellis BG (1993) The spatial variability of soil resources following long-term disturbance. Oecologia 96:451–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott-Denton LE, Rosenstiel TN, Monson RK (2006) Differential controls by climate and substrate over the heterotrophic and rhizospheric components of soil respiration. Glob Chang Biol 12:205–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi BK, Gao WF, Jin GZ (2015) Effects on rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of conversion from primary forest to secondary forest and plantations in northeast China. Eur J Soil Biol 66:11–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith KA, Ball T, Conen F, Dobbie KE, Massheder J, Rey A (2003) Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes. Eur J Soil Sci 54:779–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Søe ARB, Buchmann N (2005) Spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration in relation to stand structure and soil parameters in an unmanaged beech forest. Tree Physiol 25:1427–1436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Software GD (2004) GS+: geostatistics for the environmental sciences. Gamma Design Software, Plainwell, Michigan

    Google Scholar 

  • Soil Survey Staff (1999) Soil Taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C

    Google Scholar 

  • Song W, Chen S, Wu B, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Lu Q, Lin G (2015) Simulated rain addition modifies diurnal patterns and temperature sensitivities of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in an arid desert ecosystem. Soil Biol Biochem 82:143–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • State Forestry Administration (SFA) (2005) China forestry yearbook 2005. China Forestry Press, Beijing(in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira DDB, Bicalho ES, Cerri CEP, Panosso AR, Pereira GT, La Scala N (2013) Quantification of uncertainties associated with space-time estimates of short-term soil CO2 emissions in a sugar cane area. Agric Ecosyst Environ 167:33–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CK, Yang JY, Zhang QZ (2006) Soil respiration in six temperate forests in China. Glob Chang Biol 12:2103–2114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Jiang Y, Jia B, Wang F, Zhou G (2010) Comparison of soil respiration among three temperate forests in changbai mountains, China. Can J For Res 40:788–795

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CK, Han Y, Chen JQ, Wang XC, Zhang QZ, Bond-Lamberty B (2013) Seasonality of soil CO2 efflux in a temperate forest: biophysical effects of snowpack and spring freeze-thaw cycles. Agric For Meteorol 177:83–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster R, Oliver MA (2007) Geostatistics for environmental scientists. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Western AW, Blöschl G (1999) On the spatial scaling of soil moisture. J Hydrol 217:203–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu M, Qi Y (2001) Soil-surface CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California. Glob Chang Biol 7(6):667–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon TK, Noh NJ, Han S, Lee J, Son Y (2014) Soil moisture effects on leaf litter decomposition and soil carbon dioxide efflux in wetland and upland forests. Soil Sci Soc Am J 78(5):1804–1816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan ZQ, Gazol A, Lin F, Ye J, Shi S, Wang XG, Wang M, Hao ZQ (2013) Soil organic carbon in an old-growth temperate forest: spatial pattern, determinants and bias in its quantification. Geoderma 195:48–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2011BAD37B01) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities (IRT_15R09). We thank Prof. Chuankuan Wang for useful suggestions with the experimental design. We also would like to thank the responsible editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments that helped to improve the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Baoku Shi, Weifeng Gao, Huiying Cai & Guangze Jin

  2. Forest Survey and Design Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130022, China

    Baoku Shi

Authors
  1. Baoku Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weifeng Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huiying Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guangze Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guangze Jin.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Per Ambus.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(XLSX 474 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shi, B., Gao, W., Cai, H. et al. Spatial variation of soil respiration is linked to the forest structure and soil parameters in an old-growth mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in northeastern China. Plant Soil 400, 263–274 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2730-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2730-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation