Abstract
Heavy rainstorms are increasingly frequent events in urban areas. Urban rainstorms lead to road waterlogging and low visibility, which affect drivers’ behavior and can thus cause traffic congestion and potential accidents. It is important to study the mechanisms of waterlogging and traffic congestion caused by rainstorms to more effectively predict them and reduce losses. In this paper, an integrated simulation method to analyze the influence of urban rainstorms on waterlogging and traffic congestion was developed. Firstly, waterlogging simulation was conducted to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of water depth on roads based on an urban storm water model. Secondly, psychological questionnaires were distributed to study the drivers’ behavior during a rainstorm. Based on the psychological questionnaires’ results, the vehicles’ speed was estimated under different water depth and visibility conditions. Finally, a microscopic traffic simulation was carried out to predict the traffic condition using the results of the previous two parts. Case studies were conducted on a simplified road model. The effects of different parameters on waterlogging and traffic congestion were analyzed. Then the method was applied to an actual urban area in Beijing, and a detailed waterlogging situation and traffic situation were obtained. Alternate future scenarios of adding drains to mitigate waterlogging and traffic congestion during heavy rainstorms were simulated, and the method’s potential to assist in decision making for urban drainage system design was shown. The integrated simulation method is helpful for early warning and risk management of urban rainstorms on waterlogging and traffic congestion.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aad MPA, Suidan MT, Shuster WD (2009) Modeling techniques of best management practices: rain barrels and rain gardens using EPA SWMM-5. J Hydrol Eng 15:434–443. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000136
Barco J, Wong KM, Stenstrom MK (2008) Automatic calibration of the US EPA SWMM model for a large urban catchment. J Hydraul Eng 134:466–474. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:4(466)
Behrisch M, Bieker L, Erdmann J, Krajzewicz D (2011) Sumo-simulation of urban mobility-an overview. In: Proceedings of SIMUL 2011, the third international conference on advances in system simulation, pp 55–60
Billot R, El Faouzi N-E, De Vuyst F (2009) Multilevel assessment of the impact of rain on drivers’ behavior. Transp Res Rec 2107:134–142. doi:10.3141/2107-14
Billot R, El Faouzi NE, Sau J, De Vuyst F (2010) Integrating the impact of rain into traffic management. Transp Res Rec 2169:141–149. doi:10.3141/2169-15
Caleffi V, Valiani A, Zanni A (2003) Finite volume method for simulating extreme flood events in natural channels. J Hydraul Res 41:167–177. doi:10.1080/00221680309499959
Edwards JB (1999) Speed adjustment of motorway commuter traffic to inclement weather. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 2:1–14. doi:10.1016/S1369-8478(99)00003-0
Ghazali JN, Kamsin A (2008) A real time simulation and modeling of flood hazard. In: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on systems, pp 438–443
Goodwin L (2002) Weather impacts on arterial traffic flow. Mitretek systems Inc, Falls Church
Hassan HM, Abdel-Aty MA (2011) Analysis of drivers’ behavior under reduced visibility conditions using a structural equation modeling approach. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 14:614–625. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2011.07.002
Hsu MH, Chen SH, Chang TJ (2000) Inundation simulation for urban drainage basin with storm sewer system. J Hydrol. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00237-7
Kärnä T, Brye B, Gourgue O et al (2011) A fully implicit wetting–drying method for DG-FEM shallow water models, with an application to the Scheldt Estuary. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 200:509–524. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2010.07.001
Keay K, Simmonds I (2005) The association of rainfall and other weather variables with road traffic volume in Melbourne, Australia. Accid Anal Prev 37:109–124. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2004.07.005
Kilpeläinen M, Summala H (2007) Effects of weather and weather forecasts on driver behaviour. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 10:288–299. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.11.002
Krauß S (1998) Microscopic modeling of traffic flow: investigation of collision free vehicle dynamics. Dissertation, Universitat zu Koln
Krauss S, Wagner P, Gawron C (1997) Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow. Phys Rev E 55:5597–5602. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.55.5597
Lee JG, Heaney JP (2003) Estimation of urban imperviousness and its impacts on storm water systems. J Water Resour Plan Manag 129:419–426. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:5(419)
Oltedal S, Rundmo T (2006) The effects of personality and gender on risky driving behaviour and accident involvement. Saf Sci 44:621–628. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2005.12.003
Perrin HJ, Martin PT, Hansen BG (2001) Modifying signal timing during inclement weather. Transp Res Rec. doi:10.3141/1748-08
Renyi L, Nan L (2002) Flood area and damage estimation in Zhejiang, China. J Environ Manag 66:1–8. doi:10.1006/jema.2002.0544
Rossman LA (2006) Storm water management model, quality assurance report: dynamic wave flow routing. US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati
Rossman LA (2010) Storm water management model user’s manual, version 5.0. US Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH
Sanyal J, Lu X (2004) Application of remote sensing in flood management with special reference to monsoon Asia: a review. Nat Hazards 33:282–301. doi:10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000037035.65105.95
Sun N, Hall M, Hong B, Zhang L (2012) Impact of SWMM catchment discretization: case study in Syracuse, New York. J Hydrol Eng 19:223–234. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000777
Tayefi V, Lane S, Hardy R, Yu D (2007) A comparison of one- and two-dimensional approaches to modelling flood inundation over complex upland floodplains. Hydrol Process 21:3190–3202. doi:10.1002/hyp.6523
Ulleberg P, Rundmo T (2003) Personality, attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers. Saf Sci 41:427–443. doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00077-7
Yin J, Xu S, Wen J (2011) Community-based scenario modelling and disaster risk assessment of urban rainstorm waterlogging. J Geogr Sci 21:274–284. doi:10.1007/s11442-011-0844-7
Zoppou C (2001) Review of urban storm water models. Environ Model Softw 16:195–231. doi:10.1016/S1364-8152(00)00084-0
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under (Grant No. 71173128, 91224008), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China under Grant No. 2011BAK07B02, and Beijing Research Center of Urban System Engineering.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Su, B., Huang, H. & Li, Y. Integrated simulation method for waterlogging and traffic congestion under urban rainstorms. Nat Hazards 81, 23–40 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2064-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2064-4