Abstract
Incised marine valleys (ISVs) form brilliant petroleum systems. The development of an ISV occurs throughout a rapidly falling sea, followed by a subsequent rise (transgressive system), which fills the ISV with coarse-grained reservoir facies. These reservoir facies have variable velocities, thicknesses, and lateral continuity, which are not predictable using bandlimited seismic amplitude. This study used a new technique for imaging the heterogeneous depositional systems of the early Cretaceous Middle Indus Basin of Pakistan. This technique uses amplitude-based inverted velocity simulations (SIVS) to quantify the ISVs. The conventional amplitudes can predict the 31-m-thickest sandstone-filled ISVs with a laterally continuous distance of 9 km. The 18-Hz waveform-based SIVS predicted the 8.2 m thick reservoir facies of channelized sandstone with a laterally continuous distance of 2 km. The SIVS predicted the tuning effects due to destructive interference of the down-going seismic waves along the erosional zones of the channel system, which have simulated velocities of 3674 to 5237 m/s. The SIVS simulated the actual velocities of the seismic waves of Pakistan’s Indus natural gas systems with a deposition of 8 to 8.2 m thick sandstone-filled channels and velocities of 2960 to 2992 m/s. This work has strong implications for achieving enhanced thickness of sedimentary reservoirs inside ISVs, which can be used for exploring any shoreline petroleum system with similar geology and structure.
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Data Availability
The software used for this research project was the academic license-based Kingdom 8.6 version. All the data sets are available in the data repository site of Land Mark resources (LMKR) Pvt Ltd. to have access to all researchers.
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Acknowledgments
Dr. Muhammad Tayyab Naseer is highly thankful to DGPC and LMKR for providing the databases (2D & 3D seismic) and permission to publish this innovative work on the Lower Indus Basin. The SMT Kingdom Software 8.6 is acknowledged for providing the academic license of this geophysical and geological interpretation platform.
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Naseer, M.T. Spectral Decomposition-Based Quantitative Inverted Velocity Dynamical Simulations of Early Cretaceous Shaly-Sandstone Natural Gas System, Indus Basin, Pakistan: Implications for Low-Velocity Anomalous Zones for Gas Exploration. Nat Resour Res 32, 1135–1146 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10195-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10195-3